泽熙美文Section 1 Vocabulary and Grammar
This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to ______ more energy from the earth.
A.detract
B.protract
C.extract
D.retract
正确答案：C
[考点] 本题考查动词语义搭配。
[解析] 题干大意为“科学家们正在推进现有技术的发展，以更多的能源”，本题四个选项均以-tract结尾，但其中只有extract(提取，获取)的语义能与energy(能源)构成符合上下文逻辑的搭配，故C选项符合题意。
参考译文：科学家们正在最大限度地推进现有技术的发展，以便从地球上获取更多能源。
词汇拓展：
①detract意为“转移，减去”。
e.g. One mistake is not going to detract from your achievement. 一个失误无损于你的成就。
②protract意为“延长，延展”。
e.g. Let’s not protract the debate any further. 我们不要再继续争论下去了。
③extract意为“提取，抽出”。
e.g. Oils are extracted from the plants. 从这些植物中提炼出油。
④retract意为“收回，撤销”。
e.g. A ladybug can retract its head into its body. 瓢虫可以将自己的头缩到躯体中去。
2. When the civil war ended, ______ tasks confronted the people. Soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.
A.staggering
B.appealing
C.contending
D.rewarding
正确答案：A
[考点] 本题考查现在分词转化而来的形容词词义搭配。
[解析] 本题第二句话所描述的情况给出了提示：内战结束后美国人民面临大量任务，选项中只有staggering(惊人的，巨大的)能与tasks(任务)构成符合下文逻辑走向的搭配，意为“艰巨的任务”，故A选项符合题意。
参考译文：南北战争结束时，美国人民面临着艰巨的任务。交战双方均有大量军人需要退伍安置，重新适应平民生活，并且还要在千疮百孔的经济形势下寻找工作。
词汇拓展：
①staggering意为“大得惊人”。
e.g. This figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties. 而到60岁这个年龄段，这个数字上升到令人惊愕的60%。
②appealing意为“有吸引力”。
e.g. The simplicity of this definition is appealing. 这个定义如此简单真是太神奇了。
③contending意为“争鸣；争先恐后”。
e.g. The state is a product of a psychological struggle between the contending passions of pride and fear. 国家是人内心强烈的自豪感与恐惧感抗争的心理产物。
④rewarding意为“有益处”。
e.g. But it also can produce some of the most rewarding experiences of your professional career. 但它也可以对你的职业生涯产生一些最有益的经验。
3. The new accessibility of land around almost every major city ______ an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we know as urbanization.
A.incited
B.followed
C.claimed
D.sparked
正确答案：D
[考点] 本题考查动词的语义搭配。
[解析] 本题主干意为“新的可开发土地______房地产的爆发”，选项中只有sparked(激起，触发)能够作为谓语动词与explosion(爆发)形成符合逻辑的搭配，故D选项符合题意。
参考译文：几乎每个大城市的周围都有可供开发的新土地，这引发了房地产的爆炸式增长，推动了众所周知的城市化进程。
词汇拓展：
①incited意为“煽动”。
e.g. We ask you all to be part of the movement for peace and not engage in violence no matter how much you are incited. 我们要求你们所有人成为和平运动的一部分，不管你们被怎样煽动，都不参与暴力。
②followed意为“跟随”。
e.g. When one of the followed situations takes place, Party A is able to invalidate the contract without making any compensation for Party B. 若出现下列情况之一时，甲方可以随时解除合同，而不必给予乙方任何赔偿。
③claimed意为“宣称”。
e.g. Each of the two countries claimed the territory. 这两个国家各自声称这片领土是自己的。
④sparked意为“点燃”。
e.g. The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless phrase. 这场麻烦是由一句明显无恶意的话引起的。
4. Japan’s ______ in the field of electronics would have to withstand much stronger challenge from competitors in the globalized economy.
A.subordination
B.supremacy
C.submission
D.subjection
正确答案：B
[考点] 本题考查近义名词的语义搭配。
[解析] 本题主干语意为“日本在电子领域的______必将经受挑战”，选项中只有supremacy(霸权)能够与谓语withstand challenge(经受挑战)形成符合上下文逻辑的搭配，故B选项符合题意。
参考译文：在全球化经济背景之下，日本在电子领域的霸主地位将不得不经受竞争对手更有力的挑战。
词汇拓展：
①subordination意为“附属关系”。
e.g. The subordination of women to the husband is a common phenomenon in some countries.
在一些国家妇女从属于丈夫是普遍现象。
②supremacy意为“至高无上的地位”。
e.g. Before Japan’s economic ascent, the Soviet Union was thought to challenge American economic supremacy. 日本经济崛起以前，苏联被认为是对美国经济霸权的挑战。
③submission意为“屈服”。
e.g. He was faced with two alternatives—death or submission. 他面临两种选择——死亡或者投降。
④subjection意为“服从”。
e.g. Their enemies also oppressed them，and they were brought into subjection under their hand. 他们的仇敌也欺压他们，他们就伏在敌人手下。
5. After the 1870s, a number of important authors began to reject the Romanticism that had ______ immediately following the civil war.
A.appeared
B.recurred
C.surfaced
D.prevailed
正确答案：D
[考点] 本题考查瞬间动词与延续性动词的用法。
[解析] 本题中的过去完成时的时间状语所示的是一段时期，不能与非延续性动词连用，选项中只有prevail(流行，盛行)是延续性动词(可表示一段时期内的延续性动作)，其余动词均为瞬间动词，故D选项符合题意。
参考译文：19世纪70年代以后，一些重要的作家开始排斥浪漫主义运动，而该运动在美国南北战争刚刚结束后便盛极一时。
词汇拓展：
①appeared意为“出现”。
e.g. Suddenly a face appeared at the door. 突然一张面孔出现在门口。
②recurred意为“再次出现”。
e.g. My grandmother’s illness is likely to recur. 我奶奶的病有可能再复发。
③surfaced意为“浮出水面”。
e.g. Point out how the problem was not foreseen in development or how well the team reacted when the problem surfaced. 指出为什么没
