Section 1 Vocabulary and Grammar
This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. In significant parts of Eurasia, the middle centuries of the first millennium ______ a significant transition in human cultural history.
A.define
B.mark
C.identify
D.specify
正确答案:B
[考点] 本题考查动词在具体语用环境中的应用。
[解析] 四个选项中的单词均为动词,且形式均符合句子的语法要求,但其具体意义各不相同。define意为“定义,解释”,mark意为“标志,做标记于”,identify意为“识别;鉴别”,specify意为“指定,详细说明”。结合本题语境,选项中 Nmark与a significant transition符合上下文意思搭配,意为“标志着一个重大转折”,故只有B选项符合题意。
参考译文:在欧亚大陆的重要地区,第一个千年的中世纪标志着人类文化史上的一个重要转折。
词汇拓展:
①define常用搭配:define sb./sth. as sb. /sth.。
e.g. 70% of the workers can be defined as low-paid. 70%的工人可以被划定为低收入者。
②identify常用搭配:identify sb./sth. as sb./sth.。
e.g. The aircraft were identified as American. 那些飞机被认出是美国的。
2. It can sometimes feel like the world is very noisy—from planes arching loudly through the sky to the ______ buzz of your cellphone.
A.unavailing
B.unassuming
C.unconvincing
D.unceasing
正确答案:D
[考点] 本题考查形容词语义搭配。
[解析] 四个选项皆为以un-(表示否定)为前缀的动名词形式,但语义却完全不同,unavailing意为“无效的;徒劳的;无益的;无用的”,unassuming意为“谦逊的,不出风头的”,unconvincing意为“不足以令人相信的”,unceasing意为“不断的,不停的”。结合本题上下文,只有unceasing能修饰buzz,意为“不断的嗡嗡声”,故只有D选项符合题意。
参考译文:有时会觉得这个世界非常嘈杂——从轰隆着在天空中划出巨大弧线的飞机到响个不停的手机。
语法拓展:
本题四个选项均以前缀un-开头,表示否定。考生在已知后面所接词汇意义的情况下,可以直接推测出整个单词的意义以提高做题的准确性。
3. A study commissioned by the Australian government found that women are partially blamed for the ______ they experience, while the same behavior is considered a “rite of passage” for men.
A.abandonment
B.absurdity
C.accident
D.aggression
正确答案:C
[考点] 本题考查形式相近的名词语义搭配。
[解析] 四个选项均以a开头,均为贬义词,abandonment意为“放弃;放纵”,absurdity意为“荒谬;谬论;荒谬的言行”,accident意为“事故;意外”,aggression意为“侵略;进攻;侵犯”。结合本题语境,选项中只有accident能与experience搭配,故只有C选项符合题意。
参考译文:澳大利亚政府委托进行的一项研究发现,女性会因自己遭遇的事故受到一些责备,而对男性来说同样的行为则被视为一种“成人仪式”。
语法拓展:
while用作连词时,有以下几种含义:
①意为“引导时间状语从句,当……时候,和……同时”。
e.g. While I was watching TV, the bell rang. 我看电视时,铃响了。
②引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”。
e.g. While it was late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了,但他还在继续工作。
③引导条件状语从句,相当于as long as。
e.g. While there is life, there is hope. 有生命,就有希望。
④引导原因状语从句,相当于since,有“既然”的意思。
e.g. You will never save any money while you are so extravagant. 你这么奢侈,永远存不下钱。
⑤连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系。
e.g. He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home. 他出去散步了,而我却待在家里。
词汇拓展:
abandonment的动词是abandon,意为“放弃,中止;抛弃;丢弃,离开”。搭配:abandon oneself to sth. 意为“陷入(某种感情),沉湎于某事”。
e.g. He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望。
4. The aim of this book is to foster good social work practice with the elderly and their families, and the first chapter sets out to clarify our understanding of the ______ elderly in relation to their families.
A.vigilant
B.vehement
C.venomous
D.vulnerable
正确答案:D
[考点] 本题考查形式相近的形容词词义辨析。
[解析] 四个选项均以字母v开头,形式上容易使人混淆,但词义各不相同。vigilant意为“警惕的;警醒的;注意的;警戒的”,vehement意为“感情强烈的,热烈的;激烈的;激越;慷慨”,venomous意为“有毒的;恶毒的;分泌毒液的;怨恨的”,vulnerable意为“易受攻击的;易受伤害的;脆弱的”。结合本题,vulnerable最符合句意,故选D。
参考译文:本书意在培养针对老年人及其家庭的良好社会工作实践,第一章阐述了我们对弱势老人与其家庭关系的理解。
词汇拓展:
vehement adj. 意为“感情强烈的;激烈的;激越;慷慨”。
e.g. vehement opposition强烈反对
She suddenly became very vehement and agitated, jumping around and shouting. 她突然变得激动狂躁,四处乱跳还大喊大叫。
Despite vehement opposition, the Act became law. 尽管遭到强烈的反对,这项法案还是成了法律。
5. The new creation has grown out of an attempt to ______ two different tendencies, one in psychology and the other in physics, although at first sight they might seem inconsistent.
A.complicate
B.interchange
C.substitute
D.harmonize
正确答案:D
[考点] 本题考查动词词义辨析。
[解析] 四个选项中的词较为常见,考生需对此类词加强记忆。
由an attempt to… two different tendencies(试图……两种不同倾向),以及后半句中的although… they might seem inconsistent(尽管……它们似乎不一致)可知,harmonize最符合句意,故选D。
参考译文:这个创新意欲调和两种不同的倾向,一种属心理学,另一种属物理学,尽管乍一看它们似乎不一致。
词汇拓展:
complicate v. 意为“使复杂化;使恶化;使卷入”。
e.g. I do not wish to complicate the task more than is necessary. 我不想使这项任务不必要地复杂化。
interchange v.意为“交换;互换”。
e.g. She likes to interchange her furnishings at home with the stock in her shop. 她想把家里的家具与店里的存货调换一下。
harmonize v.意为“使和谐;使一致;以和声唱”。
e.g. The colors do not seem to harmonize with each other at all. 这些颜色显得一点儿也不协调。
6. The stories concerned ordinary people doing ordinary things with just a bit of inner ______, and featured an omniscient narrator who provided the precise details of almost everything.
A.unrest
B.unease
C.unbelief
D.uncertainty
正确答案:B
[考点] 本题考查名词意义辨析。
[解析] 四个选项中的词都较为常见,若知道前缀un-表否定,
则能轻松猜出词义。unrest意为“不安;动荡的局面;不安的状态”,

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