泽熙美文Ⅰ Vocabulary and Grammar
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
1. Many young people believe that war is stupid and unnecessary. To them, to lose one’s life on the battlefield is ______ .
A.glorious
B.futile
C.heroic
D.courageous
正确答案：B
[解析] 形容词辨析
A．glorious光荣的，显赫的；B．futile琐细的，无用的，无效果的；C．heroic英雄的，英勇的；D．courageous勇敢的，有胆量的；而本句意为：许多年轻人认为战争是愚蠢和毫无必要的。对他们而言，在战场上牺牲生命是 ______ 。根据上下文的语境，B为答案。
2. Leaving for work in plenty of time to catch the train will ______ worry about being late.
A.rule off
B.prevent
C.avoid
D.obviate
正确答案：D
[解析] 本句空格处意为“消除对迟到的担忧”。obviate意为“消除、排除(危险、障碍、担忧等)”；rule off意为“画线隔开”；prevent意为“防止，预防”；avoid意为“避免”。四个选项中只有D项符合句意。
3. No one appreciated his work during his lifetime, but______it is clear that he was a great artist.
A.in the aftermath
B.by the time
C.in retrospect
D.in this eventuality
正确答案：C
[解析] 习语辨析。
in retrospect回顾，回顾往事：review one’s work of the past years in retrospect 回顾个人以往几年的工作。aftermath (不幸事件造成的)后果，余波：the danger of disease in the aftermath地震后引发疫病的危险。by the time到……的时候。eventuality 可能发生的事或结果，不测事件：We must be prepared for all eventualities．我们必须做好应付各种情况的准备。
4. More and more people these days are clamoring for full-body plastic surgery popularity in the world.
A.to attain
B.to sustain
C.gaining
D.obtaining
正确答案：C
[解析] 形近识别
A．to attain达到，获得；B．to sustain支撑，维持，持续；C．gaining得到，增进，赚到，增加；D．obtaining获得，得到；此句意为：如今世上有越来越多的人叫嚷着要做全身整形来提高自己的知名度。因此C为答案。
5. They are at the moment working ______ time to get everything ready for the conference.
A.against
B.in
C.on
D.ahead
正确答案：A
[解析] 副词辨析
against time与时间竞争，赶时间，特别花时间；in time及时，适时；on time准时，按时；ahead应是ahead of time提前，提早；此处表：他们此刻正争分夺秒为会议作准备。因此A为答案。
6. She answered with an ______ “No” to the request that she attend the public hearing.
A.eloquent
B.effective
C.emotional
D.emphatic
正确答案：D
[解析] emphatic表示“强调的，着重的，断然的”，如：He answered the question with an emphatic“No”．他用一个加强语气的“不”字回答了这个问题。
7. There has been a ______ lack of communication between the union and the management.
A.regretful
B.regrettable
C.regretting
D.regretted
正确答案：B
[解析] C和D是分词形式，不符合句子结构要求；regretful的主语多为人；regrettable指“(某事物)令人遗感的，可惜的”，如：Your choice of friends is regrettable．你对朋友的选择实在不怎么样。故本题选B。
8. The company’s training plan was designed to help the employees to improve their work habits and ______.
A.proficiency
B.sufficiency
C.insufficiency
D.efficiency
正确答案：D
[解析] efficiency效率；proficiency精通，熟练；sufficiency足够；insufficiency不足。
9. Success as ______ by economic output bears no close relationship to human achievement.
A.decided
B.achieved
C.assured
D.measured
正确答案：B
[解析] 词义辨析
A．decide决定，判决；B．achieve完成，达到；C．assure使……确信，保证，担保，断然地说；D．measure测量，估量，权衡，调节；而本句意为：靠经济输出来 ______ 的成功与人类成就没有紧密的关系。即：靠经济输出来达到/获得的成功与人类成就没有紧密的关系。achieve success是固定搭配，表：获得成功；因此B为答案。
10. The discovery of new oil-fields in various parts of the country filled the government with ______ hope.
A.eternal
B.infinite
C.ceaseless
D.everlasting
正确答案：B
[解析] 从句意上分析，B(无限的、无穷的)最适合。如：Infinite space surrounds the Earth．无限的空间围绕着地球。其余各项依次为“永恒的、永远的”，“不停的、不断的”，“永恒的、持久的”。
11. The campers ______ their tent in a sheltered valley.
A.established
B.installed
C.pitched
D.fixed
正确答案：C
[解析] 近义辨析。
pitch搭起，定位于，扎营：pitch a tent搭帐蓬。establish安置，使定居：establish oneself in the countryside在农村安家落户。install安装，安顿：install the new furnace安装新炉子。fix使固定，使牢固：fix the tent poles in the ground把帐篷的柱子固定在地上。
12. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event ______ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
A.occurring
B.occurred
C.occurs
D.occur
正确答案：A
[解析] 固定搭配。
分词作定语修饰event，由于表主动，所以用现在分词。
13. The doctor’s ______ was that she should go and see the specialist in this field.
A.constraint
B.counsel
C.coherence
