泽熙美文Cloze Test
Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 1 to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful 2 on the economy in at least four ways:
Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 3 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and 4 of most highways the 5 of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily 6 for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation 7 are also the responsibilities of local government.
Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private 8 in many ways, for the 9 of assuring that business serves the best 10 of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a 11 , such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable 12 , but limits their ability to raise prices 13 , since the public depends on their services. Often control is 14 to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 15 in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.
Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board. attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by 16 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 17 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.
Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to 18 and individuals. For example, tariffs 19 certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to 20 better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care For the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.
1.
A.economy
B.horror
C.magnifier
D.element
正确答案：D
[解析] A项意为“经济，节约”；B项意为“惊骇，恐怖”；C项意为“放大镜，放大器”；D项意为“要素，元素，成分”。文章在开头已经指出了消费者和生产者对经济有决定作用，而“the role of government”显然应该说是影响经济的第3个因素。
2.
A.elevation
B.emotion
C.effect
D.election
正确答案：C
[解析] have a effect on意为“对……有影响”，文中此处说的是对经济的影响。本题考查的是固定词组的搭配。
3.
A.dripping
B.serving
C.diverging
D.clamping
正确答案：B
[解析] 所填的词与后面的“the entire nation”搭配。A项意为“使滴下”；B项意为“服务，招待”；C项意为“(道路)分叉，意见分歧”；D项意为“夹住，夹紧”。在本题中B项与“the entire nation”搭配表示“服务于整个社会”，本题考查的是固定词组的搭配。
4.
A.clearance
B.combustion
C.commence
D.maintenance
正确答案：D
[解析] A项意为“清除”；B项意为“燃烧”；C项意为“开始，着手”；D项意为“维护”。文中此处讲到的是：绝大部分高速公路的建造和维护……。
5.
A.commonplace
B.responsibility
C.conductivity
D.consequence
正确答案：B
[解析] A项意为“平常的事，平常话”；B项意为“责任，职责”；C项意为“传导性”；D项意为“结果”。根据文意，这里讲的应该是“各州的职责”
6.
A.consoled
B.compacted
C.paid
D.bracketed
正确答案：C
[解析] 本题中考查的也是固定词组的搭配。pay for意为“支付……的费用”。文章此处的意思为：……由各地政府支付。
7.
A.services
B.boycotts
C.budgets
D.charters
正确答案：A
[解析] A项意为“服务，服务性工作”；B项意为“联合抵制”；C项意为“预算”；D项意为“宪章”。所填词的前一个词为sanitation“卫生，卫生设施”，此处讲的公安，消防，和卫生服务是政府的职责。
8.
A.banquet
B.boom
C.arena
D.enterprise
正确答案：D
[解析] A项意为“宴会”；B项意为“繁荣”；C项意为“竞技场”；D项意为“企业，事业”。本题要联系上下文来理解，后文中提到了有关“个人企业，民营企业”的事项，可见此处讲的是“政府控制和管理私有企业”。故本题答案为D。
9.
A.assertion
B.purpose
C.asset
D.assumption
正确答案：B
[解析] 本题考查固定搭配。“for the purpose of”意为“出于……的目的”是固定搭配，故本题的答案为B。
10.
A.admiration
B.interests
C.adoption
D.accuracy
正确答案：B
[解析] A项意为“钦佩，赞美，羡慕”；B项意为“利益，利害”；C项意为“采用，收养”；D项意为“精确性，正确度”。联系上下文可知政府规定和控制私有企业的目的是为了人们的最大利益。“the best interests of people”意为“人们的最大利益”。
11.
A.monopoly
B.acceptance
C.abolition
D.morality
正确答案：A
[解析] A项意为“垄断”；B项意为“接受，容忍”；C项意为“废除”；D项意为“道德”。联系上下文来看，此处说的是政府调节在……起作用，后文中举了两个例子：电信和电力行业。这两个行业都属于垄断行业。
12.
