泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translating the following two passages into Chinese.
1. The labor force is the total number of people (aged sixteen and older employed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force unemployed but lacking for work. The unemployment rate is a fungible item. Previously, the government gauged unemployment by the number of people who field unemployment claims in a given month. However, because many people who are or become unemployed by the technical definition—that is, they are looking for work—don’t qualify for unemployment benefits,the result was a serious under counting of the unemployed. Now the United States relies on the monthly Current Population Survey from the Commerce Department, which provides a more comprehensive set of numbers based on household polls.
Note that to be officially unemployed, a worker must be seeking employment. People without jobs who aren’t looking for work because they don’t think any exists have, in effect, dropped out of the labor force and become discouraged workers(丧志工人). The labor force participation LFP rate can be revealing. It is the percentage of the total working-age population that is in the labor force.
In other words, the LFP rate is the relationship between who is eligible to work and who actually is working. Broken down demographically, variations in the LFP rate may offer clues to stories about social trends. As of the mid 1990s, the entry of women into the labor force in large numbers was probably the most significant economic shift of the post-World War Ⅱ period. But in the latter part of the decade, participation by women leveled off and dropped in some sectors. Why this occurred is no clear; a natural leveling off does no seem to account for the change. More research,particularly into both women and men’s changing relationships to work, is needed. Interested reporters should find and bond with social scientists who study the workplace.
Economists talk about different types of unemployment: frictional, structural, and cyclical. The frictional unemployment are people who haven’t had time to find a job yet because they are new to the labor force or are between jobs. Structural unemployment is a result of deep changes in the economy.Technological change may make some occupations obsolete When people began driving cars instead of horses and buggies, a blacksmith’s skills were no longer necessary. The process by which jobs evolve and fade away as the skills they use become obsolete is called churning.Structural unemployment may also result from changes in international markets as lower-paid foreign labor force becomes available to do work that previously went to higher-paid domestic workers.In the last two decades workers in many important American industries, such as steel and textiles,have lost jobs to lower-paid workers in developing countries.
正确答案：
劳动力是16岁及以上就业人口和失业人口的总和，失业率则是劳动力中没有工作的人口所占的比重，失业率是一项可替代的指标。此前，政府会根据一个月内申领失业救济金的人数来衡量失业率。然而，许多在技术性定义上已经或正在失业的人——即他们正在找工作——并不具备领取失业救济金的资格，这就使得失业人数被严重低估。现在，有赖于商务部的每月当期人口调查，美国可以基于家庭调查确保统计数据更为全面。
注意，一个劳动者要想被正式定义为失业人员，就必须正处于求职过程中。没有工作的人因为觉得没有任何就业机会而干脆不去找工作，那么他们实际上就已经退出了劳动力大军，成为了丧志工人。这可以在劳动力参与率(LFP)中体现出来，它是总劳动年龄人口中劳动力所占的百分比。
换句话说，劳动力参与率衡量的是劳动适龄人口与实际劳动力之间的关系。从人口统计学的角度来看，劳动力参与率的变化可能会为相关的社会趋势提供一些线索。截至20世纪90年代中期，妇女大量加入劳动力队伍，这或许是二战后最重大的经济转变。但在20世纪90年代后期，某些领域妇女的劳动参与率趋于平稳并出现下降。具体的原因尚不清楚，数据的自然放缓似乎并不能解释这一变化，这还需要进行更多的研究，尤其是在男女工作关系的转变方面。感兴趣的记者应该找到研究职场的社会科学家，并与他们建立联系。
经济学家讨论的主要失业类型包括摩擦性失业、结构性失业和周期性失业。摩擦性失业是指人们初次进入劳动力市场还没来得及找到一份工作，或是暂时没有工作。结构性失业是经济发生深刻变化的产物。技术变革可能会淘汰一些职业。当马车被汽车取代时，铁匠的技能就不再是必要的了。职业随着技能的过时而演变和消亡的过程被称为职业的迭代。国际市场的变化也可能会导致结构性失业，因为廉价的外国劳动力可以取代国内的高薪劳动力，从事此前他们所做的工作。过去的二十年间，在美国的钢铁、纺织等诸多重要行业中，来自发展中国家的低廉劳动力就抢走了美国工人们的饭碗。
2. A global health crisis of the magnitude we are experiencing has not struck the international community for overs’ a century. In this unprecedented crisis， all countries and all areas of our daily life are profoundly affected and in disarray. The sole weapon we currently possess against the virus is to constrain human contact as far as possible, and social distancing has become an important containment measure.
As a result, the world has come to a near standstill. From local transport to global supply chains,nothing has been spared. In urban traffic and on global trade routes, bustling movement has given way to a weird calm. Activity in the aviation sector has fallen by 90 percent; car sales have slumped by the same order of magnitude in some countries.The transport sector finds itself in a totally unprecedented situation. As a result of the restrictions in place around the world, its main function of facilitating social interaction has now come to a halt.
At the same time, it must continue to function where moving people and goods is an imperative,not a choice. Doctors and nurses must be able to get to work. Hospitals must be able to receive the supplies they need.Confined citizens rely on provisions being delivered to shops. Not least, international supply chains must continue to move as seamlessly as possible to keep the inevitable economic impact as limited as possible.Never before have world leaders put such constraints on the movement of people and goods.
Already we can see that, as terrible as the crisis is, it brings out the best in many. It is also a reminder of three essential factors for a successful recovery. First, we will overcome the crisis more quickly and effectively if we work together across existing divides， of whatever sort they may be. The example of companies from very different fields teaming up to build breathing aides together is a very practical example.
Second,expertise and evidence-based decisions count and make all the difference.We will hardly beat the virus and resurrect our economies based on guesswork and gut feelings. The sharing of private sector mobility data with governments to help contain COVID-19 infections is a shining example.
Third, while we deal with the crisis in the most effective way, we must start to think about the future and plan for the post-pandemic age.The world after the coronavirus crisis will no longer be the same.Many profound changes will be forced upon us. We do have the knowledge and the tools to shape them，and to seek out the opportunities in this epochal transformation,but we must make the right choices.
正确答案：
一个多世纪以来，国际社会遭遇的全球健康危机从未达到我们当前所经历的规模。在这场史无前例的危机中，所有国家及人们日常生活的方方面面都受到了严重的影响，陷入一片混乱。目前，我们对抗新冠病毒的唯一武器便是尽可能地限制人与人之间的接触。保持社交距离已经成为遏制新冠疫情的一种重要措施。
世界几乎因此停滞不前。从本地运输到全球供应链，影响涉及各行各业。在城市交通和全球贸易路线上，一种奇怪的平静已然取代了替日的喧嚣熙攘。航空业活动已减少90%，而在部分国家，汽车销量也下滑了90%。运输业当前所处的形势实是闻所未闻。运输业的主要职能在于促进社会的互动，但由于世界各地的疫情限制，这种职能目前已经陷于停滞。
与此同时，运输业必须维持运转。在一些地区，人员和货物的流动是必须之举，而非一种可选项。医生和护士必须能够出门工作，医院必须能够接收所需的物资，而运送至商店的商品也是被隔离居民赖以生活的补给。更为重要的是，国际供应链必须尽可能地维持无缝运转，虽然经济影响无可避免，但应尽可能地将经济影响限制在一定范围内。全球领导人过去从未对人员和货物的流动施加如此限制。
除了这场危机的可怕之处，我们也已看到许多方面因危机而显露的优势。这提醒着我们，应留意到经济复苏所需的三大基本因素。首先，不论目前存在怎样的隔阂，如果我们能携手共同跨越，便可以更为快速且有效的方式克服这场危机。不同领域的多家公司联合打造呼吸辅助设备就是一个非常实际的例子。
其次，专业知识和循证决策具有重要意义，使一切变得不同。仅凭猜测和直觉，我们将难以战胜新冠病毒，无法重振经济。为控制疫情传播而与各国政府共享私营部门的流动性数据就是一个显著的例子。
最后，在我们采取最为有效的危机处理方式时，我们必须开始思考未来，为后疫情时代制定计划。历经新冠疫情危机之后，世界将不再是原来的世界。我们将被迫接受许多深刻的变化。我们拥有的知识和工具足以适应这些变化，并能让我们在这场划时代的转变中寻找机会，但我们必须做出正确的选择。
Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following two passages into English.
1. 在新冠疫情全球蔓延的困难时刻，东亚国家选择开放合作，签署了RCEP，给区域经济复苏注入新的动能。RCEP的签署，将进一步促进东亚地区的贸易和投资，加强区域产业链、供应链合作，实现地区国家优势互补，互惠互利。
作为东亚经济增长的主要引擎，中国率先控制疫情并实现经济复苏，助
