泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
1. Where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In modern world, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.
First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs.
Second, we also need increased financial inclusion. Challenges come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand, the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011.
There is no quick fix, but we know that Fin tech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.
These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. The IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda last October. The agenda lays out key principles—from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity—that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.
正确答案：
①哪里实现了金融联通，哪里的生活质量就会迅速提升。②在当代，更大程度的金融互联互通可以通过几个重要渠道得以实现。③今天我想强调两个渠道：加强资本流动和提升金融普惠性。
④第一，让资本流动更加畅通。⑤允许资本跨境流动能促进包容性增长。⑥目前，外国直接投资仅占发展中国家GDP的1.9%；⑦而在全球金融危机之前，这一比例是2.5%。⑧推进重大基础设施建设需要再次增加资本流动量，并以安全的方式进行管理。⑨资本流动若能更加畅通，还能降低融资成本，提高金融业效率，使资本得以支持生产性投资和新增就业。
①第二，提升金融普惠性。②开放资本市场会带来挑战，③幸运的是，我们从经验中获悉了成功所需的要素，④包括完善的金融监管、透明的投资规则，以及关注财政可持续性。⑤此处列举几个数字：在亚太地区中低收入经济体中，近一半成年人没有银行账户。⑥曾向金融机构借贷的人口比重不到10%。⑦然而，我们知道，各国若要在21世纪繁荣发展，就必须消除金融鸿沟。⑧国际货币基金组织(IMF)的分析表明，若亚洲金融普惠性最差的国家能缩小金融鸿沟，达到同泰国相当的水平，这些国家的贫困率能降低近4%。⑨如何实现这一目标?⑩一方面，制定能使更多妇女和农村居民获得金融服务的政策。发展中国家存在金融性别鸿沟，9%的女性无法享受和男性同等的金融服务，且自2011年以来，这一比例基本保持不变。
①解决这一问题没有权宜之计，但我们知道金融科技能起到促进作用。②例如，柬埔寨通过强有力的公私合作项目支持移动金融发展。自20儿年以来，当地微型金融机构的数量增加了两倍。③目前，这些机构已向200多万个新借款者提供贷款，这人数占成年人口近20%。④并且，这些公民中的多数人过去从未开过银行账户。⑤如今，他们可以通过储蓄规划未来，甚至自行创业。
⑥这些理念适用于所有国家，⑦但这些国家必须有相互合作、学习的意愿。⑧去年10月，国际货币基金组织和世界银行启动了“巴厘岛金融科技议程”。⑨鉴于其提升金融包容性的宗旨，该议程阐述的核心原则——从发展金融市场到维护金融诚信——能帮助到所有的国家。
[解析] Para. 1 ① [难句]Where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. ② In modern world, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. ③ I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.
Para. 2 ④ First, enabling capital to flow more freely. ⑤ Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. ⑥ Right now, foreign direct investment is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. ⑦ Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. ⑧ Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. ⑨ Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs.
难句理解
Where there is financial connection, we see than rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow.
状语从句 where there is financial connection,
宾语从句 that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow.
本句为复合句，主句主干为we see that…, that引导的是宾语从句，充当see的宾语，补充说明我们能看到什么，即“当地的生活质量就会迅速提升”。句子开头的分句是Where引导的状语从句，交待“生活质量迅速提升”的前提，即“该地实现了金融联通”。
采分点分析
采分点一：基本素质
⑥句GDP全称为Gross Domestic Product即“国内生产总值”，考虑到其为常用缩写词，译文中沿用GDP即可。
采分点二：选词用词
1．②句financial connectivity为固定表达，译作“金融互联互通”。
2．③句financial inclusion为经济类术语，inclusive fiance意为“普惠金融”，故此处financial inclusion可译作“金融普惠性”。
3．④句freely在这里用于修饰flow，可译作“畅通”。
4．⑤句capital有“首都”“资本”等多个义项，这里结合语境，选择第2个义项，译为“资本”。inclusive growth为经济类术语，译作“包容性增长”。
5．⑥句foreign direct investment为常用经济类术语，常缩写为FDI，译作“外国直接投资”。
6．⑨句Greater openness to capital flows即上文④句的enabling capital to flow more freely，英文避免重复，表达多样，但译为中文时，为明确指代，多采用统一译法，故仍译作“资本流动更加畅通”。financial sector为固定表达，译作“金融业”或“金融界”。
采分点三：理解结构
1．①句主句中的we see起语意引导作用，无需译出，主句直接译为“哪里的生活质量就会迅速提升”便可。
2．⑥句foreign direct investment is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries中，数字为重点，大多采取后置译出的做法，故此句可译为“外国直接投资仅占发展中国家GDP的1.9%”。
Para. 3 ① Second, we also need increased financial inclusion. ② Challenges come with opening up capital markets.③ Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. ④ These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. ⑤ A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. ⑥ Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution.⑦ And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. ⑧ [难句]IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand, the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. ⑨ How can we get there? ⑩In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011.
难句理解
IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand, the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent.
宾语从句 that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia… level of Thailand,
the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent.
