泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
1. New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.
After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.
There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents — a little more than half of the evacuees were allowed to return briefly, and said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.
“Things got pretty active” official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight vents were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additionald amage out there. I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismically has kinda laid down and the vents have gone quiet now.”
But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn’t be for long. “More vents could open up, the existing ones could get active again, which probably will happen after seeing what happened this morning.” “There’s a lot of lava or magma under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.”
The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes — 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 —in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake. The concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from vents, though.
“This is lava, that is definitely destroying people’s homes — we don’t have an exact count — but it is a devastating situation and it’s going to be everyday that it goes on,” Hawaii County head said Saturday. “Mother nature, there’s no way we could’ve predicted this.”
正确答案：
①—③近日夏威夷的基拉韦厄火山爆发，部分地区遭受损失。从无人机拍摄的最新视频中可见岩浆冒着滚滚浓烟，沿着道路向下蔓延，穿过林区，直逼住宅区。在一片漆黑中可见火光四起，光线刺眼，十分骇人。
④火山沉寂了一天之后，在周日又再度火力全开，岩浆喷射至300英尺的高空，影响范围半径又扩增半英里，受损建筑总数增至35座。
⑤地面的裂隙越来越宽，岩浆不断涌出，已有1,800位市民从家中撤离。⑥一些疏散区二氧化硫含量较低，市民获准在周日和周一回家数小时取走物品。⑦政府官员表示，已准许一半以上的撤离人员短暂返家，且只要能够确保安全，还会批准更多居民返家。
⑧“火山已经变得很活跃了”，一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称，⑨“8个火山口都很活跃，岩浆喷射，并开始四处蔓延，损失进一步增加。⑩我不清楚具体的统计数据，但我们感觉情况越来越糟。好在地震强度有所减弱，8个火山口现已平静下来。”
①但官员曾警告说，尽管岩浆活动趋于平缓，但好景不会太长。②“更多火山口可能打开，已爆发的这几个也可能再度活跃。按今早的情况看，这个可能性很大。③地下贮藏着大量岩浆，最终会喷发出来。”
④周五岛上还发生了6.9级地震，导致海岸附近出现山体滑坡，所幸建筑只是轻微受损。⑤美国地质调查局(USGS)周日表示，在此次6.9级地震后的24小时内，岛上已发生了500多次地震，其中13次震级超过4.0级。⑥但是市民一直关心的仍是从火山口冒出的岩浆和热气。
⑦“岩浆对住房区的破坏无疑还在继续，虽然我们没有统计具体数字，但损失明显十分严重，而且只要火山持续活跃，情况就会一直如此，”夏威夷县县长于周六称，⑧“大自然就是如此令人捉摸不透，这种局面我们当初完全没有预料到。”
①多项研究表明，比起绝对财富，人们更关心相对财富。②若真如此，那么少数人财富增加的同时，大多数人的境遇就更加惨淡。③埃默里大学(Emory University)做过一项著名的实验：将两只卷尾猴放在一起，每完成一项任务就奖励它们黄瓜。④如果其中一只猴子得到了味道更好的葡萄作为奖励，另一只猴子就会抓狂，嫌弃自己得到的黄瓜，把它扔回给训练员。
⑤除了掩盖收入不均这一弊端外，将GDP作为衡量指标还存在其他问题。⑥GDP是美国在20世纪30年代提出的，属于制造业时代的产物，适用于衡量物质生产，却不适用于服务业，而服务业才是现代经济的主导产业。⑦GDP如何衡量精神健康服务质量?如何衡量社区周围有多少日托中心和公园?
⑧即使是发明GDP的那位白俄罗斯经济学家本人，也对其产生了怀疑。⑨他并不赞同将军备和金融投机归入到GDP的正向产出中。⑩他表示首先不要将GDP与幸福感混为一谈。这意味着我们需要寻找其他方式来衡量经济成就。而多数情况下，我们只信奉GDP这一单一的衡量方法，尽管其提供的信息非常有限。
[解析] Para. 1 ①[难句]New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. ② Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. ③ Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.
Para. 2 ④ After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.
Para. 3 ⑤ There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. ⑥ In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. ⑦ Officials said those residents — a little more than half of the evacuees were allowed to return briefly, and said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.
Para. 4 ⑧ “Things got pretty active” official said at a Saturday press conference. ⑨[难句]”The eight vents were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. ⑩ I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismicity has kind laid down and the vents have gone quiet now.”
难句理解
New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii’s Big Island. sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.
定语从句 damage that parts of Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic… recent days.
本句为复合句，主句主干为New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage，而damage后的定语从句对其起限定修饰作用，交代的是导致损失产生的原因，翻译时要找准定语从句修饰的对象。
采分点分析
采分点一：基本素质
1．①句Hawaii为美国州名，译作“夏威夷”。Big Island为是夏威夷群岛中最大的岛屿，译作“夏威夷大岛”。
2．④句Kilauea为火山名，音译作“基拉韦厄”火山。
采分点二：选词用词
1．①句sustained有“维持”“遭受(损失，伤害)”及“承受(重量)”等意，这里sustained所接宾语为damage，故译作“遭受”。
2．②句creeps有“匍匐”“蹑手蹑脚地移动”及“蔓延”之意，这里主语的it指代lava，故选择第3个义项。through 及toward可译作动词，分别为“穿过”和“直逼”。
3．③句of brightness为“of+抽象名词”结构，相当于形容词，故译作“光线刺眼(的)”。
4．④句roared… in full force可套用中文里的一个表达“火力全开”。encroaching若直译则为“侵蚀、侵入”，但这里意译为名词结构“影响范围”会更加通顺。
5．⑥句collect的常见释义为“收集”“收藏”“募集”等，但此处结合语境，是取其冷僻义“(从某处)取走(某物)”。
6．⑧句Things为避免语意不清需译出其具体指代内容，根据上下文可知，Things在此处指的便是“火山”。press conference为固定表达，译作“新闻发布会”。
采分点三：理解结构
1．①句考虑到中文开头就交代背景，故此处把④句里的火山名及①句里的地点放到开头翻译。中文较少用物作主语，故此处可将原来的主谓宾结构New drone footage gives a glimpse of… 译作状语，采用中文里省略主语的句型译作“从无人机拍摄的最新视频中可见……”，同时将②句与①句合并，译为无人机视频中所见的内容。
2．③句Fires are visible类似于被动语态，转换为中文时同样可采用省略主语的句型“可见火光……”。terrifying及of brightness都表示评论，可放在句末翻译。
3．④句bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35中的bring…to…是英文中的抽象表达，可直接用宾语作主语，译作“受损建筑总数增至35座”。
4．⑤句where引导的定语从句交代疏散区的情况，属于背景事实，故提
