泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
1.
Sleeplessness
Ever daydreaming during a meeting, jerk awake while at your computer, or snooze through part of a TV show? Millions of Americans do, and that’s cause for concern. A recent poll by the National Sleep Foundation, a nonprofit research group in Washington, found that two-thirds of the US population gets less than the recommended hours of sleep at night. That means sleeplessness is of “epidemic proportions in this country,” says Dr. William Dement, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Stanford University School of Medicine.
Whether it’s the result of insomnia or today’s burn-the-midnight-oil lifestyle, not getting enough sleep leads to poor judgment, lack of creativity, impaired memory, even depression. It also can make you more vulnerable to viral and bacterial infections. Researchers at the University of Chicago have found that inadequate sleep over just six nights impairs metabolic and hormonal functions. Over time, this can provoke the onset or increase the severity of hypertension and Type Ⅱ diabetes, the more common form of that disease.
For some people, however, the problem is not so much setting aside time to sleep as falling asleep. Wakefulness is often the result of bad sleep habits. Sleeping in for hours on weekends, for example, confuses the body’s internal clock and leads to wide-eyed nights and groggy mornings. So will long naps, although short ones (20 minutes or so) to pay back sleep lost the night before or in anticipation of a late night are OK
To train your body to get to sleep more easily, try these tips:
1. Stick to a regular bedtime schedule.
2. Try to avoid intense mental activities such as studying your stock portfolio before bedtime. Instead, consider deep breathing, yoga, or light stretching to alleviate the day’s stress. Experts also advise keeping a notepad on your nightstand to jot down worries to be dealt with the next day. Following the same routine night after night before bedtime seems to help prepare both the mind and the body for sleep.
3. Give yourself a physical environment, drown out disturbing noise and create a soothing background. Keep it cool—people usually sleep best in rooms that are between 65 and 69 F. And make sure your bed is comfortable and has plenty of room. Sleep experts urge couples to consider a king so they won’t disturb each other at night.
正确答案：
失眠
你是否曾经在开会时走神，是否曾经在电脑前猛然醒过神来，或者在看电视节目时打瞌睡？成千上万的美国人都这样，这就令人关注了。华盛顿一个非赢利性的研究机构——国家睡眠基金会最近一项民意调查显示，三分之二的美国人夜间睡眠都达不到专家建议的时间。斯坦福大学医学院睡眠障碍中心主任威廉·迪蒙特医生说，这意味着睡眠不足“在这个国家已到了流行病地步。”
不管是由失眠症引起的，还是当今流行开夜车的生活方式造成的，睡眠不足都会使人判断力下降，创造力缺乏，记忆力减退，甚至得忧郁症。它也会使你更容易受病毒和细菌的感染。芝加哥大学的研究人员发现，睡眠不足只要超过六个夜晚，就会损害新陈代谢和激素分泌的功能。久而久之，这会引发或加重高血压以及该疾病的常见形式——乙型糖尿病。
然而对有些人来说，问题不在于保证睡眠时间，而在于能否入睡。失眠往往是不良睡眠习惯的结果。例如，周末，睡几个小时的懒觉就会打乱人体的生物钟，使人晚上兴奋不眠，而早晨昏沉沉。午睡时间长也会如此。而短时间午睡(20分钟左右)以补偿前晚欠缺的睡眠或准备今晚熬夜，则是有益的。
要培养易于入睡的习惯，可试试以下劝告：
第一：坚持每晚定时睡觉。
第二：睡前尽量避免紧张脑力活动，诸如研究厚厚的公文等。相反，试试深呼吸，瑜伽功或轻轻伸展一下身体以减轻一天的压力。专家们还建议在床头柜放一个笔记本，记下第二天要办的琐事。每晚睡前坚持这样做，就会让身心都做好睡眠准备。
第三：给自己一个良好环境，消除干扰的噪音，创造一个放松的氛围。保持凉爽——人们通常在华氏65°～69°的房间内睡得最好。尽量使你的床舒适并有足够的空间。睡眠专家建议夫妻睡特大号床，这样就不会在晚上互相干扰。
2.
Debt Financing
The most common source of debt financing for start-ups often isn’t a commercial lending institution, but family and friends. It makes sense. People with whom you have close relationships know you are reliable and competent, so there should be no problem in asking for a loan, right? Keep in mind, however, that asking for financial help isn’t the same as borrowing the car. While borrowing money from family and friends may seem an easy alternative to dealing with bankers, it can actually be a much more delicate situation and it’s important to be as disciplined as you would be in dealing with a professional investor. Here are some basic rules:
Treat them as if they were strangers. Forget for the moment that your investor is a friend or family member. Make it an “arm’s length” transaction, and insist on the same sort of legal documentation you would prepare if your investor was a total stranger. Why? Because too many entrepreneurs borrow money from family and friends on an informal basis. The terms of the loan have been verbalized but not written down in a contract.
Lending money can be tricky for people who can’t view the transaction at arm’s length; if they don’t feel you are running your business correctly, they might step in and interfere with your operations. In some cases, you can’t prevent this, even with a written contract, because many state laws guarantee voting fights to an individual who has invested money in a business. This can, and has, created a lot of hard feelings. Make sure to check with your attorney before accepting any loans from friends or family. So if it’s a loan, have your lawyer prepare an I.O.U. (called a “promissory note”) for the friend or family member, and don’t offer less than a “commercial” interest rate.
Debt may actually be better than equity. If someone “lends” you money, you only have to pay it back, with interest. They can’t tell you how to run your company. If someone buys stock in your business, they are legally your business partner. When in doubt, make it a loan, and pay it back as soon as you can.
Tie all payments to your cash flow. Try to avoid obligations with fixed repayment schedules. Consider instead “cash flow” obligations, in which your investor will receive a percentage of your operating cash flow (if any) until they either have been repaid in full with interest, or have achieved a specified percentage return on their investment.
Consider nonvoting stock. If your friend or family member insists on buying stock in your company, try to make it nonvoting stock, so they don’t have the right to second-guess your every management decision.
正确答案：
负债融资
最普遍的负债融资来源通常不是某个商业贷款机构，而是家人或者朋友，这合情合理。与你有亲密关系的人知道你既可靠又能干，因此借钱给你没有问题，对吧？然而，记住，请求资金援助与借车可不一样。尽管从家人或朋友那儿借钱与跟银行家打交道相比起来是一个更容易的选择，但这很可能会是一个更微妙的情况，你要像跟一个专业投资人员打交道时一样严格遵守规则，这是很重要的。以下是一些基本的规则：
把他们当作陌生人对待。现在，忘记你的投资者是一个朋友或是一个家庭成员，把它当作一个“一臂之长”的交易，坚持准备一份合法的文件，就像你会给一个完全陌生的投资者准备的一样。为什么？因为太多的企业家没有依照正规的程序向家人和朋友借钱，贷款之事仅仅是口头上达成一致，而并没有形成书面合同。
对于那些不能把借钱看作是一臂之长的交易的人，事情就比较难办，他们会认为你不是以正确的方式经营，从而将涉足你的经营管理工作。有时候即便是有了书面合同你也不能阻止他们这么做，因为许多州的法律保障那些进行商业投资的个人的表决权，这确实会，也已经给人带来了痛苦。在你接受家人或朋友的贷款时，确保与你的代理人核实相关事宜。因此，如果你确定了这笔贷款，让你的律师给你的朋友或家人准备一张借据(叫做“本票”)，你所提供的利息率不能低于商业利息率。
负债很可能比权益好。如果有人借给你钱，你只要还本付息；他们不能对你的经营管理指手画脚。如果有人购买了你公司的股票，他们就是你公司的合法股东。在你犹豫不定的时候，就实行负债，并且尽快还款。
将所有的偿付与现金流挂钩。尽量避免有固定的偿还时间的义务，考虑“现金流”义务，就是你的投资人可以从你的经营现金流(如果有的话)中收到一定比例的资金，直到所有的本息都付清，或是得到相对于投资的某个特定比例的收益。
考虑无表决权股票。如果你的朋友或家人坚持要买你公司的股票，尽量让他们买没有表决权的股票，那么他们就无权对你的每个管理决策产生猜疑。
Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation
1. 在人际关系上我们不能太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜
