泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translating the following two passages into Chinese.
1. “Bayer is strictly committed to bee health,” said Gillian Mansfield, an official specializing in strategic messaging at the company’s Bayer CropScience division. She was sitting at the center’s semicircular coffee bar, which has a formidable espresso maker and, if you ask, homegrown Bayer honey. On the surrounding walls, bee fun facts are written in English, like “A bee can fly at roughly 16 miles an hour” or, it takes “nectar from some two million flowers in order to produce a pound of honey.”
While others point at pesticides, Bayer has funded research that blames mites for the bee die-off. And the center combines resources from two of the company’s divisions, Bayer CropScience and Bayer Animal Health, to further study the mite menace.
“The varroa is the biggest threat we have,” said Manuel Tritschler, 28, a third-generation beekeeper who works for Bayer. “It’s very easy to see them, the mites, on the bees,” he said, holding a test tube with dead mites suspended in liquid. “They suck the bee blood, from the adults and from the larvae, and in this way they transport a lot of different pathogens, virus, bacteria, fungus to the bees,” he said.
正确答案：
拜耳作物科学部门(CropScience)专门负责战略信息的吉琳·曼斯菲尔德(Gillian Mansfield)称，“拜耳潜心致力于蜜蜂健康研究”。她坐在作物科学研究中心半圆形的咖啡吧里，这里有一台巨大的浓缩咖啡机，如果需要，还有拜耳自酿的蜂蜜。咖啡吧四周的墙壁上贴满了英语书写的蜜蜂趣闻，比如“蜜蜂一小时大概能飞行16英里”。再比如，蜜蜂采“两百万朵鲜花中的花蜜，才能酿成一磅重的蜂蜜”。
蜜蜂大量死亡，有人认为是使用杀虫剂造成的，但是拜耳出资进行的研究表明，螨虫才是罪魁祸首。该中心现在组织拜耳的作物科学和动物健康两大部门对螨虫威胁展开进一步研究。
曼纽尔·特里奇勒(Manuel Tritschler)现年28岁，是第三代养蜂人，现在为拜耳公司工作。他说，“蜂螨是养蜂的最大威胁，经常看到蜜蜂身上长有蜂螨。”他拿着一根试管，里面液体中悬浮着螨尸。“蜂螨吸食蜂血，从蜂卵到成蜂都不放过，这样就把各种病原体、病毒、病菌、真菌等传染给了蜜蜂，”他说道。
2. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected.
正确答案：
如果总统免职、死亡、辞职或无能履行总统的权力与职责，应由副总统代理行使总统的权力与职责。国会可依法对总统和副总统的免职、死亡、辞职或无法履行的情况作出具体规定(提供法律依据)，并宣布届时由哪个官员来代理行使总统的权力与职责，在上述无能履行情况结束前或新总统选举产生前，该官员应相应地代理行使权力与职责。
[解析] 1．此句从总体来看是一句并列句，在各分句中有主从句及从句中的并列句。按照长句“切割法”的翻译方法，按各分句从句的逻辑关系逐一译出，并不难译。
2．原句In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death，resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President，为本句的第一部分。句中“in case of”与“in case that”为法律英语常用的词组，意为“如果”，“in case of”用于短语，“in case that”用于从句。例如：“In case that the Supplier fails to deal with such claim or conduct such proceedings, the Owner may do so at the cost and risk of the Supplier in accordance with the abovementioned terms and provisions of indemnity.”(如供应人不能处理索赔或诉讼，业主可以自行处理，根据上述赔偿的规定应由供应人承担费用和风险。)。句中the same在法律英语中常常用作代词，是指上面提及的事，避免重复，这里是指：the powers and duties of the said office，在英译中时，为使法律条文所表达的意思明确无误，应把the same所代的含义译出，即：“总统的权力与职责”。句中devolve on是动词，意为(of work, duties)be transferred or passed to sb.，为译入文行文的需要，在英译中时，可以进行词义转换，把原语的动词转译成译入语的名词。此句可译成：“如果总统免职、死亡、辞职或无能履行总统的权力与职责，应由副总统代理行使总统的权力与职责。”
3．原句中and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected.为句子的第二部分。该部分包含两层意思，第一层：the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President,句中provide for为关键词，意为establish the legal basis or authority for sth. to be done later，即“作出具体规定，提供法律依据”之意。这一层中还有一个分词短语，并列来修饰主语the Congress。第二层：and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected.为复合句。句中the disability一词在英译中时，应将其深层含义译出，该词是指“上述提及的免职、死亡、辞职或无能履行情况”。句中a President一词，根据上下文，应译成“新总统”。因此，句子的第二部分可译成：“国会可依法对总统和副总统的免职、死亡、辞职或无法履行的情况作出具体规定(提供法律依据)，并宣布届时由哪个官员来代理行使总统的权力与职责，在上述无能履行情况结束前或新总统选举产生前，该官员应相应地代理行使权力与职责。”
Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following two passages into English.
1. 第一段 ①健康是人类生存和社会发展的基本条件。②健康权是一项包容广泛的基本人权，是人类有尊严地生活的基本保证，人人有权享有公平可及的最高健康标准。③中国是一个有着13亿多人口的发展中大国。④中国共产党和中国政府始终高度重视发展卫生与健康事业，加快转变健康领域的发展方式，切实尊重和保障公民的健康权，形成了符合国情的健康权保障模式。
第二段 ⑤没有全民健康，就没有全面小康，实现全民健康是中国共产党和中国政府对人民的郑重承诺。⑥多年来，中国坚持为人民健康服务，把提高人民的健康水平、实现人人得享健康作为发展的重要目标。⑦经过长期不懈奋斗，中国显著提高了人民健康水平，不仅摘掉了“东亚病夫”的耻辱帽子，而且公共卫生整体实力、医疗服务和保障能力不断提升，全民身体素质、健康素养持续增强，被世界卫生组织誉为“发展中国家的典范”。
正确答案：
①Health is a precondition for the survival of humanity and the development of society. ②The right to health is a basic human right rich in connotations. It is the guarantee of a life with dignity. Everyone is entitled to the highest standard of health, equally available and accessible. ③China is a large developing country with 1.3 billion people. ④The CPC and the Chinese government have always attached great importance to developing the medical and health services, to accelerating the transformation of the development model of the health sector, and to respecting and protecting citizens’ right to health. A mechanism based on China’s conditions to ensure the people’s right to health has been put in place.
⑤Prosperity for all is impossible without health for all. Health for all is a solemn promise to the people by the CPC and the Chinese government. ⑥Over the years, China has always put the people’s health at the top of its policy agenda, working hard to improve people’s health and fitness, and making universal health and fitness a primary goal of development. ⑦With years of strenuous efforts, marked progress has been made in promoting better health of the Chinese people—China is no longer the “Sick Man of East Asia.” China has made continued improvement in boosting the overall strength of its public health and medical services, and in enhancing the physical fitness and health conditions of its people. China has been hailed as a “role model for developing countries” by the World Health Organization (WHO) in recognition of its achievements.
[解析] 1．①句“基本条件”实指前提条件，故译为precondition。
2．②句“是人类有尊严地生活的基本保证”除参考译文的译法，亦可直译为It is the guarantee for human to live with dignity。“公平可及”包含两层意思：一是人人平等；二是人人能享有，故可译为equally available and accessible。
3．④句较长，主要阐述了中国政府重视发展和改革健康事业(原因)，建立了健康权保障体系(结果)。翻译时为避免冗长，可将因果分开阐述。
4．⑦句较长，主要阐述了三层意思：一是中国人民提高了健康水平，摘掉了“东亚病夫”的帽子；二是公共卫生整体实力、医疗服务和保障能力不断提升，全民身体素质、健康素养持续增强；三是得到了世界卫生组织的认可。故翻译时可拆分为三句话。其中，“东亚病夫”已有广泛接受的说法，译为“Sick Man of East Asia”，首字母要大写。第二句为两个并列的主谓结构，可用and连接，而“……不断提升”和“……持续增强”为同义词，可并译，用has made continued improvement in…来表达，译作China has made continued improvement in boosting the overall strength of its public health and medical services, and in enhancing the physical fitness and health conditions of its people.
2. 2000多年来，佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教等先后传入中国，中国音乐、绘画、文学等也不断吸纳外来文明的优长。中国传统画法同西方油画融合创新，形成了独具魅力的中国写意油画，徐悲鸿等大师的作品受到广泛赞赏。中国的造纸术、火药、印刷术、指南针四大发明带动了世界变革，推动了欧洲文艺复
