泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
1. Para. 1 ①In 1975, photographer Michel Comte stood up before scientists, business leaders and politicians at the Club of Rome to deliver a speech about the climate disaster he believed was on the horizon. ②Back then, he was still a student, and a little nervous—but he could sense the future. ③Now, Comte’s recent works incorporating black carbon fallout from the jet stream, shown in Rome and Milan, prove just how right he was to speak out.
Para. 2 ①Comte’s message was echoed last week in the UK, when thousands of schoolchildren—inspired by 16-year-old climate activist Greta Thunberg—took to the streets to pressure the government into taking action on climate change. ②Like Comte, they have seen a bleak future ahead and are speaking out.
Para. 3 ①Sadly, that hasn’t been the case for most artistic and cultural institutions, which have spent the last few decades responding to climate change with little more than silence. ②They have been dangerously complicit in desensitizing society to what’s really at stake.
Para. 4 ①But there is hope in the air. ②Tate Modem have an Olafur Eliasson retrospective scheduled for this summer—his Ice Watch project was recently invited to melt away outside the museum. ③As for Comte, he is about to board a sailing boat for a challenging passage to the Arctic, creating a monumental multimedia art installation calling for us to change our ways before it’s too late. ④If we allow more artists such as these to become part of the conversation, we will have a culture fit for the generation of children who took to our streets.
Para. 5 ①When artist Yi Dai opened her first solo show in Berlin, she received rapturous reviews praising her subtle and intelligent coverage of environmental topics. ②Misfits, Offcuts and Castaways, was an urgent statement reflecting on the aftereffects of nuclear fallout and rising sea temperatures, and the fragility of our ecosystem. ③Her exhibition was as much a personal account of her experience on the Marshall Islands as it was a call to action following the then-warmest winter in recorded history.
Para. 6 ①Tales of Change brings together stories of how climate change is impacting communities in some of the planet’s most iconic mountain ranges. ②Its protagonist, Florian Reber, cycled across the Alps, starting in Trieste on the Adriatic coast and arriving in Cannes, at the Mediterranean Sea. ③Along the way, he talked with farmers, foresters, conservationists, tourism experts, alpinists and professional athletes, psychologists, writers and journalists about climate change. ④Periods of tumultuous weather extremes are the consistent findings, including a pronounced drought that left many rivers and sources in the southern Dolomites dried out. ⑤This was followed by the strongest storms in recent years, causing record temperatures in October. ⑥Next came torrential rain and strong winds brought about b cyclone Vaia, uprooting thousands of trees and causing casualties. ⑦While this trip involved cycling 1,180 miles, climbing more than 35,000 vertical metres and mastering two dozen mountain passes in winter, the intrepid explorer is now getting ready to widen his reach towards the Rocky Mountains and Himalayas. ⑧The project has been on display in Switzerland and Italy but, like Reber, is constantly moving.
正确答案：
第一段 ①1975年，摄影师米歇尔·孔德(Michel Comte)在罗马俱乐部(Club of Rome)发表演讲。他站在科学家、商界领袖和政界人士面前，提出气候灾难即将到来的观点。②那时，他还是个学生，有些紧张，但他能感知未来。③最近，孔德利用喷射气流产生的黑碳沉降物创作的作品在罗马和米兰展出，证明了他当时的直言不讳是多么的正确。
第二段 ①上周，孔德的观点在英国得到支持。当时，数千名学生在一位16岁的气候变化活动人士格蕾塔·通贝里(Greta Thunberg)的启发下走上街头，向政府施压，要求其采取行动应对气候变化。②与孔德一样，他们也看到未来黯淡的前景，并大声疾呼。
第三段 ①然而，在过去几十年里，大部分艺术和文化机构应对气候变化问题的态度消极。②它们串通一气，蒙蔽大众，让其忽视真正严重的问题。
第四段 ①但希望依然存在。②泰特现代美术馆(Tate Modern)今年夏天将举办一场奥拉维尔·埃利亚松(Olafur Eliasson)回顾展——最近，埃利亚松受邀将其冰块放置博物馆外融化。③至于孔德，他将登上一艘开往北极的帆船，开始一段富有挑战性的旅程，并在那里创作一件巨大的多媒体艺术装置，呼吁大家在为时已晚之前改变我们的生活方式。④如果我们让更多这样的艺术家参与到环境保护的对话中来，我们将为走上街头抗议的这一代人营造更为良好的文化环境。
第五段 ①艺术家戴祎(Yi Dai)在柏林举办的首场个展得到交口称赞，观众认为她精妙而睿智地揭露了环境问题。②“残圭断璧”(Misfits，Offcuts and Castaways)是一份反映核辐射和海洋温度上升的后果，以及生态系统脆弱性的紧急声明。③她的展览既是对她在马绍尔群岛(Marshall Islands)经历的描述，也是对经历了历史上最温暖的冬天后采取行动的呼吁。
第六段 ①“气候变化的故事”(Tales of Change)汇集了气候变化如何影响地球上一些最具标志性山脉的当地故事。②活动发起者弗洛里安·雷伯(Florian Reber)骑自行车从亚得里亚海沿岸的里雅斯特出发，穿越阿尔卑斯山，抵达地中海的戛纳。③一路上，他与农民、护林员、自然资源保护者、旅游专家、阿尔卑斯登山运动员、职业运动员、心理学家、作家和记者交流气候变化的问题，④他发现这些地区不断遭遇极端天气。首先是显著干旱导致白云石山脉南部许多河流和水源干涸。⑤紧随其后的是近年来最强劲的佛恩()风暴，导致10月份的气温创历史记录。⑥再接下来是瓦亚(Vaia)飓风带来的暴雨和强风，导致数千棵树木被连根拔起，造成人员伤亡。⑦这趟旅程全长1,180英里，需要攀登3.5万多米的垂直高度，并在冬季穿越24条山路。这位勇敢的探险家现在正准备扩大他的探险范围，前往落基山脉和喜马拉雅山。⑧该项目已经在瑞士和意大利展出。就像雷伯不断探索一样，它也将在不同地方出展。
[解析] 1．第1段①句末on the horizon为固定搭配，意思是likely to happen soon“即将发生”，故此处应译作“即将”。
2．第4段①句in the air为固定搭配，意思是felt by a number of people to exist or to be happening“被许多人感觉到存在或正在发生”。结合本文语境，此处可译作“存在”。
3．第5段①句coverage为多义词，有“覆盖”“新闻报道”等多个义项。根据本文语境，该段提及戴神通过艺术方式向观众展示了环境问题，即应选第1个义项，此处可意译为“揭露”。
4．第6段②句protagonist原义为“主人公”。文中指的是活动发起人弗洛里安·雷伯，故译为“发起者”更为合适。
2. Para. 1 ①Cindy Sherman is a strangely elusive artist. ②Her face has become famous through the photographs she takes of herself, but her work is not autobiographical. ③Coveted by collectors and extolled by critics, her images explore raw human emotion and common artifice—without revealing who she really is.
Para. 2 ①A retrospective at the Museum of Modem Art (MoMA) in New York demonstrates that although the 58-year-old American may be her own model, she is not her own muse. ②Her ninth-floor Manhattan studio also offers clues. ③Pinned to the walls are magazine cuttings and computer printouts of people in what she calls “preposterous” positions. ④It is here that Ms Sherman mutates into the objects of her fascination.
Para. 3 ①Why does the photographer appear in most of her work? ②One reason is shyness. ③Disguises can be liberating and delegating can be arduous; she tried hiring models once, but found she hated it. ④Ms Sherman enjoys working alone and doing everything herself. ⑤She has also experimented with still lifes in which she does not appear. ⑥These images appeal to her hard-core fans but they lack the life, literally, of her other work. ⑦They are also hard to sell. ⑧When collectors buy a Sherman photograph, they want her. ⑨Last year one of the “Centrefold” series made $3.9 million, then a record for a photograph at auction. ⑩Bemused by how much collectors want her in the frame, the artist mimics a male voice: “Is she behind that mask? I only want it if she is in there!”
Para. 4 ①Ms Sherman broke into the art world with “Untitled Film Stills”, a series of 69 black-and-white images. ②A fictional archive of publicity shots in which she poses as characters in films from the 1950s and 1960s, the work was an immediate hit. ③Its exploration of media culture took Pop Art beyond celebratory consumerism into a more critical vein. ④And its satire of female stereotypes was subtly feminist—so subtle, in fact, that a feminist art historian advised the young Ms Sherman to superimpose text on the works to bring out the irony.
Para. 5 ①Ambiguity is a characteristic of Ms Sherman’s work. ②One is never quite sure where the artist stands in relation to her characters, and they in turn are often difficult to define. ③The “Centrefold” series of 12 colour photos in which the artist shot herself from above with fearful or pensive expressions added a layer of anxiety to the uncertainty.
Para. 6 ①Among Ms Sherman’s most celebrated later works are her “Clowns”. ②Eva Respini, who has curated the MoMA show, believes that the clown is a “stand-in” for the artist. ③In one picture, the name Cindy is embroidered on the jacket of a heavily made-up clown with prosthetic cheeks and nose. ④It is typical of Ms Sherman’s style that she would be disguised beyond all recognition, looking sad and ugly, in a work that flirts with serf-portraiture.
Para. 7 ①Ms Sherman is a kind of actor-director of still pictures who delves into the representation of women—and occasionally men—in Western society. ②When she first embarked on 无
