泽熙美文英译汉
1. Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegant girls.
正确答案：
谚语是凝聚着智慧的通俗话语，它使得拉丁美洲人的言谈生动活泼。从大学教授到田野农夫，从市井乞丐到摩登女郎，大家都在使用谚语。
2. At the same time it is agreed that all Americans, whatever their origins, must learn to speak English clearly and fluently, and that they must learn to adapt themselves to the American way of life.
正确答案：
同时，大家一致认为，所有的美国人，无论来自哪里，都必须学会讲清晰流利的英语，都必须学会适应美国的生活方式。
3. In the middle of the 19th century, the people of the USA were still predominantly “Anglo-Saxon”, but even before the flood of non- “Anglo-Saxon” immigrants, the Americans were already far more American than they were British.
正确答案：
19世纪中叶，美国人口中“盎格鲁—撒克逊人”仍然占绝大多数，但即使在非“盎格鲁—撒克逊”移民涌入美国之前，早先移居美国的“盎格鲁—撒克逊”族也早已是美国人而不是英国人了。
4. KGB and CIA both operated clandestinely concealing their activities not so much from the “opposition” (they couldn’t) as from their own peoples.
正确答案：
克格勃和中央情报局都从事秘密活动，与其说不让对方知道(这办不到)，毋宁说不让本国人民知道。
5. Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. They are prepared to take the initiative, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They will take any sort of job anywhere rather than be unemployed. They do not care to be looked after by the government. The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life.
正确答案：
多数美国人都精力充沛、热情奔放。他们宁愿自律，而不愿受制于他人。他们为能够独立行事、有权作出自己的决定而感到自豪。他们做事会采取主动，即使要冒风险也在所不惜。他们有勇气，从不轻易屈服。他们愿意到任何地方去做任何事情，而不愿失业。他们不在乎政府的眷顾。普通的美国人退休前会换九至十次工作。
6. Although no longer slaves after the Civil War, American blacks took no significant part in the life of white America except as servants and laborers.
正确答案：
虽然南北战争以后美国黑人不再是奴隶，但是他们在白人主宰的美国社会生活中，依然无足轻重，只不过充当仆人和劳工而已。
7. Life itself led Jack London to reject this approach in his writing. As a newsboy, sailor, millhand, stoker, tramp, and janitor, he came to know all there was to know about the life of the underdog.
正确答案：
生活本身促使杰克·伦敦在写作中放弃这种方式。作为报童、水手、工人、锅炉工、流浪汉、看门人，他深知受苦人的生活。
8. The English arrived in North America with hopes of duplicating the exploits of the Spanish in South America, where explorers had discovered immense fortunes in gold and silver. Although Spain and England shared a pronounced lust for wealth, differences between the two cultures were profound.
正确答案：
英国人来到北美时，希望获得西班牙人开拓南美洲时所取得的同样的业绩，在此之前西班牙的探险者在南美洲发现了大批金银财宝。虽然西班牙和英国都同样明显地贪图财富，但是两国的文化却存在着深刻的差异。
9. Not long ago, we Americans had a pretty good idea of what family meant. But today, with people living together in so many different combinations, “family” is much harder to define. When it comes to family values, I find that Americans may be saying one thing and doing another. The real picture is that the American family is suffering a crisis of collapsing.
正确答案：
不久前，我们美国人有很好的家庭观念。可是今天，由于人们以多种方式结合生活在一起，“家庭”的概念已经很难界定了。说起家庭观念，我发现美国人有时言不由衷。实际情况是，美国家庭正经历一场瓦解的危机。
10. I read some of my poetry aloud to them, but it was casting pearls before swine. They obviously didn’t understand a word of it and soon started yawning, looking at their watches and fidgeting in their chairs.
正确答案：
我给他们朗诵了我写的几首诗，可却是对牛弹琴。他们显然一个字也不懂，不一会儿他们就开始打哈欠，看手表，在椅子上烦躁不安。
11.
Satiric Literature1
Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspected before Cervantes,2 humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley,3 and people were aware of famine before Swift.4 It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness5 they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions.6 With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.
Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing,7 and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.8
正确答案：
讽刺文学
或许讽刺文学最突出的特点是它的清新和视角独创。讽刺文学很少给人以原创的思想，但是它却将人们熟悉的事情以全新的形式展现出来。讽刺作家并不给人以新的哲学理念。他们所做的只是从某一视角来看待一些为人熟知的事情，在这一视角下，这些事情显得愚蠢不堪、充满危害而又矫揉造作。讽刺作品将我们从自鸣得意中震醒，让我们既愉快又惊诧地看到，我们从未质疑、全盘接受的价值观中，有很多都是错误的。《唐吉诃德》使得骑士精神显得荒谬可笑；《美丽新世界》嘲笑了科学的自诩；《一个小小的建议》则建议食用人肉，使饥饿问题戏剧化。这些思想中没有一条是原创的：在塞万提斯之前就有人怀疑骑士精神；在赫胥黎之前人文主义者就反对宣称纯科学的至高无上；在斯威夫特之前人们就已经意识到饥荒问题。并不是思想的独创而使得讽刺文学受人欢迎，而是它的表述方式、嘲讽方法使得它趣味横生、有娱乐性。人们阅读讽刺文学只是因为在美学上它是让人心满意足的艺术品，而不是因为它在道德上有益或伦理上的教益。它激人兴奋、爽人身心，因为它只是运用常理通识、辛言辣语，便将各种幻想和人云亦云的观点一扫而光。讽刺文学自心而来不拘谦恭，它重新调整视角，将熟悉的事物紊杂地放置在一起，用个性化的语言而不是抽象的陈词滥调表述出来。
讽刺作品之所以存在是因为人们需要它。它存续至今，是因为读者欣赏爽身怡心的刺激和不拘谦恭的告诫，它提醒读者，他们生活的世界里充满了陈腐的思想意识、低俗的道德说教和愚蠢的哲学理念。讽刺作品虽然很少代表真理促成行动，但它却能使人们感悟到真理。讽刺作品常常告诉人们，他们在大众媒体中所看到的、听到的、读到的大多是伪装善良、多愁善感或只有部分真很
