泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
1. The archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delanoë has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.
The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.
Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.
The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.
“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.
A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators—large, unleashed dogs, for instance—will be able to reach the ewes.
Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, the sheep are doing here.
But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.
正确答案：
巴黎市档案馆旁的草地上草长得高矮不齐，目前档案馆向市长办公室申请弄一头驴来帮忙清理草地，不过，市长办公室给他们的却是四只机警的黑绵羊，从周三早上开始，这些毛发蓬松的羊已经开始“投入工作”，成为巴黎市最新型的“割草机”。勃兰特·狄兰诺(Bertrand Delanoë)自2001年当选为巴黎市长以来就将环境问题列为重中之重，推出了颇受欢迎的公用自行车和拼车计划，扩充了自行车和公交车专用道，将塞纳河两岸的大部分路段改为了人行道。
这块略显空旷的草地位于巴黎十九区，面积0.5英亩。引进绵羊除草也是顺应了环保大势，当然，绵羊还可以提供天然肥料，这也是一大原因。巴黎市政厅将这一项目叫做“生态割草”，称引进这四只母羊后，就不用噪音大、耗油多的割草机了，同时还可以减少除草剂的使用。
巴黎市政府称如果该项目进展顺利的话，将会在离档案馆不远、面积稍大的一块草地上推广这一生态割草项目。近年来在这一地区较小的一些市镇一直在实施类似的项目。
这种绵羊品种叫做“乌埃桑(Ouessant)”，来自布列塔尼地区，体型矮小，仅有两英尺高，属于稀有品种。市政府官员称，这种绵羊品种体格健壮，耐寒性好，引进的这些绵羊将会在三英尺高的黄色通电围栅里一直“工作”到10月份。
负责环境和可持续发展事务的市长助理雷内·迪特雷(René Dutrey)称：“这绝非一时之举(一锤子买卖)。”迪特雷先生穿着一双橙色系阿迪达斯桑巴运动鞋，说话语速较快。他说，这四只绵羊目前的总成本仅为335美元，当然政府还没有制定下一步的开支预算。
档案馆周边建有金属围栏，门口有保安把守，这样像未拴狗链的大型犬等当地的一些动物对这些羊也构不成威胁。
不过，市政府还是鼓励好奇的人们前去观赏这些羊的，这样人们也许会借机参观一下档案馆。其实生态割草项目的初衷就是为了吸引公众前往档案馆参观的，现在档案馆还专门竖起了信息板向人们解释这些羊在这儿干什么。
为了照料这些羊，对档案馆的相关工作人员还进行了专门培训。马森(Masson)女士说，万一有哪只羊四脚朝天翻倒在地的话，必须有人赶紧过去扶起来才行。
2. Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.
After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project, Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.
As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire” -era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.
The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.
An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.
But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.
To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.
What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with its elegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.
“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason—I didn’t know—I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.”
Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.
正确答案：
诺曼·约瑟夫·伍德兰(Norman Joseph Woodland)于1921年9月6日出生在亚特兰大，参加童子军时曾学习过摩斯密码，这为他日后的发明提供了灵感的火花。
第二次世界大战期间伍德兰参与了“曼哈顿项目”，战后在费城的德雷克赛尔理工学院继续学业，1947年获得学士学位。
在读大学期间，伍德兰先生对电梯音乐系统(背景音乐系统)进行了优化，并计划将这一项目商业化，但遭到父亲的反对。他的父亲在“大西洋帝国”时期的亚特兰大市长大，他认为电梯音乐是暴民们玩的行当，绝不允许他的孩子涉足这一行业。
于是，伍德兰先生只得回到德雷克赛尔理工学院继续攻读硕士学位。1948年当地一家超市的高管来学院参观时向院长提出一个请求，希望学院能研发一种高效的产品数据编码系统，院长当场婉拒了这一请求，不过当时也在就读研究生的希尔沃先生偷听到了他们的谈话，对这一项目很感兴趣，于是邀请伍德兰先生一起进行研发。
他们最初的想法是用荧光墨打印产品信息然后通过紫外光读取信息，不过，这种想法事实证明并不可行。
不过伍德兰先生坚信解决方案就近在咫尺，毅然辍学专心攻克这一难关。1948到1949年的那个冬天他寄居在迈阿密海滩的祖父母家，一人坐在沙滩的椅子上冥思苦想。
他意识到，要想将信息视觉化，必须进行编码，而他只知道当童子军时学习过的编码。
有一天，伍德兰先生突然想到，摩斯密码简便优雅，还可以进行无限组合，如果将这种密码平面化处理会怎么样呢?于是，他开始用手指不经意地在沙滩上划来划去。
1999年在接受《史密森尼(Smithsonian)》杂志采访时伍德兰先生说，“这听起来非常不可思议，我将四个手指插入沙中，然后莫名地将手向后拉，随手画出了四条线，宽窄不一，不再是由点和破折号构成。”
时至今日，我们生活中几乎所有的产品都有条形码，这都要归功于伍德兰先生。正是伍德兰先生年轻时靠着自己的聪明才智和满脑子的点与线在那天将自己的手指从沙子中划过才有了今天无处不在的条形码。
Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation
1. 2012年10月11日，有网友在微博发消息称：“中国式过马路，就是凑够一撮人就可以走了，和红绿灯无关。”微博同时还配了一张行人过马路的照片，虽然从照片上看不到交通信号灯，但有好几位行人并没有走在斑马线上，而是走在旁边的机动车变道路标上，其中有推着婴儿车的老人，也有电动车、卖水果的三轮车。
