泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
1. The runaway success of Stieg Larsson’s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.
Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book market—about 3 percent—foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.
Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.
“We have established this as a strategic objective, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the Romanian Cultural Institute. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.”
For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, III., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series’s first book, Necropolis, by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik’s You Do Understand, a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy.
Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan; and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the United States, an effort that can easily require $10,000 or more a book.
正确答案：
斯蒂格·拉森(Stieg Larsson)的《千禧年》三部曲大获成功，至少表明在现代文学翻译作品中美国读者比较偏爱北欧的侦探小说，但是，其他地区、其他类别的小说要想赢得美国出版社和读者的青睐难度仍然不小。
外国文化研究所和出版社都知道美国人向来对文学翻译作品不感兴趣，这就是人们常说的“3%难题”。外国文学翻译作品在美国书市所占份额微不足道，仅为约3%，为了增加份额，外国政府和基金会，特别是处于欧洲边缘的国家现在开始主动出击，加入到美国出版市场的争夺大战当中。
外国文学翻译作品市场已经不再局限于法语和德语等较大语种，从罗马尼亚到加泰罗尼亚再到冰岛，各个文化研究机构对本国、本地区文学作品的英译工作给予补贴，对翻译培训提供支持，鼓励本国、本地区作家游历美国，开始学习曾经不以为然的美国营销技巧，努力抢占美国出版业中现存的翻译作品市场。
科瑞娜·苏图(Corina Suteu)是欧盟国家文化研究所纽约分部负责人，也是罗马尼亚文化研究所所长。她说：“我们将征服美国市场作为一个长期战略目标。对于欧洲各国而言，无论国家大小，文学将一直是各国文化的核心要素，我们也认识到，上述举措是让欧洲文学立足美国的必由之路。”
多基出版社(Dalkey Archive Press)是位于伊利诺伊州尚佩恩(Champaign)的一个出版社，该社规模不大，过去25年以来一直专注于外国文学作品的翻译出版工作，今年在斯洛文尼亚(前南斯拉夫的一个共和国)官方机构的支持之下启动了斯洛文尼亚文学系列的翻译出版项目。该文学系列的第一部翻译作品是由波利斯·帕赫(Boris Pahor)所著的《墓葬地》(Necropolis)。这是一部有关第二次世界大战期间集中营生活的回忆录，读来令人震撼，有人将该作品与埃利·维瑟尔(Elie Wiesel)和普里莫·莱维(Primo Levi)的有关名著相提并论。该系列的第二部翻译作品是安德烈·巴拉特尼克(Andrej Blatnik)的《别装糊涂》(You Do Understand)。这本书主要是讲述爱与亲密关系的随笔和寓言合集，读来虽荒诞不经，但却感人至深。
多基出版社的希伯来语和加泰罗尼亚语文学作品翻译出版项目以及与瑞士和墨西哥等国合作的文学作品翻译出版项目有的已经开始实施，有的即将启动。其中，墨西哥的文学作品翻译出版项目为期6年，每年将翻译4部作品。上述各翻译出版项目发起国都有专门的融资机构对翻译出版工作提供补贴支持，并参与在美国的营销宣传活动。每本书的营销宣传费用至少为1万美元。
2. Just east of Argentina’s Andean foothills, an oil field called the Vaca Muerta—”dead cow” in English—has finally come to life.
In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country’s long-stagnant economy.
“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF’s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.”
Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.
Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.
Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina’s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.
Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.
So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.
Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future.
正确答案：
就在阿根廷安第斯山麓东侧，一个名为瓦卡穆埃尔塔(Vaca Muerta)——英文意为“死牛”——的油田终于得见天日。
在5月份，阿根廷石油公司YPF宣布在巴塔哥尼亚地区发现了储量为1.5亿桶的油田，阿根廷总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔迅即在国家电视台上进行宣传，称这一发现将会为阿长期陷入停滞的经济注入新的活力。
YPF公司首席执行官塞巴斯蒂安·埃斯肯纳齐在宣布这一重大发现时说：“这一发现的重大意义不仅仅在于油田储量巨大，还在于其全‘新’性：新能源、新未来、新期待。”
虽然油田开发困难重重，但是地质学家们说，现在石油产业已开始利用先进技术从油页岩等岩石中提取石油，瓦卡穆埃尔塔油田的发现预示着，在今后二十年全球石油供应量将有较大增加。
石油专家警告称，地质学家才刚刚开始在全球部分地区开展页岩油田研究工作，所以目前只能推测页岩油田的储量。现在有关石油地震勘探工作还远未完成，同时，还必须从地表下数千英尺处提取岩芯样本进行分析，推断出油气的大致储量。
当然，阿根廷对于巴塔哥尼亚地区南部内乌肯省(Neuquén)的页岩油储量寄予厚望。瓦卡穆埃尔塔地区1.5亿桶的页岩油探明储量将使阿根廷的石油总储量增加8%，同时该油田也是阿根廷自20世纪80年代末以来发现的最大油田。
石油专家们称，瓦卡穆埃尔塔很可能为阿根廷拉开新的序幕。长期以来，阿根廷一直都是一个中等规模的产油国。林奇(Lynch)先生说，整个页岩油田面积达5000平方英里，YPF只是对其中的100平方英里进行了勘探，在此油田进行勘探的其他石油公司尚未公布勘探结果。
到目前为止，在阿根廷以及其他国家的页岩油田进行的几乎所有勘探工作使用的都是传统竖井，有关水平钻井的方案才刚刚开始制定。
有些专家警告称，美国页岩油田生产取得了快速发展，但这并不意味着其他国家也能同样获得成功，至少在近期内不太可能。
Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation
1. 和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
