泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Part A Compulsory Translation
1. This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course.
They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.
Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.
What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking—especially in some of the poorest countries.
Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.
Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation.
We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there’s no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is “integrated water resource management.” What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.
正确答案：
本周，世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕，论坛将一直持续到下周。来自政府、国际机构和非政府组织的代表们齐聚一堂，探讨全球用水遗留问题，共商未来用水大计。
会议选址墨西哥城再合适不过。墨西哥城地下蓄水层的开采速度是地下水补给速度的2倍，由此造成墨西哥城以10年50厘米的速度不断下沉，现在，这里的许多教堂出现裂隙，艺术宫日益倾斜，水管和排污管道开裂。
世界上每个地区都面临水危机，只不过表现形式不同而已。在过去30年间，印度和巴基斯坦的部分地区大肆开采地下水用于农业灌溉，致使水位下降了30米，开采成本随之升高，给当地贫苦农民的生计带来严重影响。
全球水危机的成因是什么?部分原因是实际可用水资源短缺。水不同于石油或煤炭，是一种无限可再生资源，但是可用水资源却十分有限。目前，用水增加速度是人口增速的2倍，人均可用水资源在不断减少，一些最不发达国家尤其如此。
一些国家的实际可用水资源确实存在严重短缺的问题，不过水危机的发生还有其深层次的原因。20世纪的水资源管理模式存在问题：人们想当然地认为，水资源取之不竭，用之不尽，是一种免费资源，人们用水毫无节制，随意修建水坝或开展调水工程，根本意识不到水资源短缺的问题，也不考虑这种用水模式是否具有可持续性。
世界各地的决策者对过度开采水资源可能产生的后果视而不见、不管不问，现在江河湖泊等水生态系统都遭到严重破坏，可持续性开始受到威胁。
在21世纪，我们必须改变这种水资源管理模式。如何加以改变呢?首先，我们必须摒弃这种“有今没明”、短视自利的用水模式，提高用水效率，避免对环境造成破坏。本次墨西哥水论坛的主要议题是“水资源综合管理”，旨在敦促各国政府综合管理不同用水需求，从公共利益出发合理利用宝贵的水资源。
Part B Choice of Two Translations
Topic 1
1. John Kenneth Galbraith, the iconoclastic economist, teacher and diplomat, died Saturday at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was 97.
Mr. Galbraith was one of the most widely read authors in the history of economics; among his 33 books was “The Affluent Society” (1958), one of those rare works that forces a nation to re-examine its values. He wrote fluidly, even on complex topics, and many of his compelling phrases—among them “the affluent society,” “conventional wisdom” and “countervailing power”—became part of the language.
An imposing presence, lanky and angular at 6 feet 8 inches tall, Mr. Galbraith was consulted frequently by national leaders, and he gave advice freely, though it may have been ignored as often as it was taken. Mr. Galbraith clearly preferred taking issue with the conventional wisdom he distrusted.
Mr. Galbraith, a revered lecturer for generations of Harvard students, nonetheless always commanded attention.
From the 1930’s to the 1990’s Mr. Galbraith helped define the terms of the national political debate, influencing both the direction of the Democratic Party and the thinking of its leaders.
He tutored Adlai E. Stevenson, the Democratic nominee for president in 1952 and 1956, on Keynesian economics. He advised President John E Kennedy (often over lobster stew at the Locke-Ober restaurant in their beloved Boston) and served as his ambassador to India.
Though he eventually broke with President Lyndon B. Johnson over the war in Vietnam, he helped conceive of Mr. Johnson’s Great Society program and wrote a major presidential address that outlined its purposes. In 1968, pursuing his opposition to the war, he helped Senator Eugene J. McCarthy seek the Democratic nomination for president.
In the course of his long career, he undertook a number of government assignments, including the organization of price controls in World War II and speechwriting for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Kennedy and Johnson.
He drew on his experiences in government to write three satirical novels. He took on the Harvard economics department with “A Tenured Professor,” ridiculing, among others, a certain outspoken character who bore no small resemblance to himself.
At his death, Mr. Galbraith was the emeritus professor of economics at Harvard, where he had taught for most of his career. A popular lecturer, he treated economics as an aspect of society and culture rather than as an arcane discipline of numbers.
正确答案：
反传统经济学家、教育家和外交家约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思于周六在马萨诸塞州剑桥的一家医院去世，享年97岁。
约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思的经济学论著读者众多，他一生共著有33部巨作，其中1958年出版的《富裕社会》是推动一个国家重新审视其价值观的为数不多的经典论著之一。约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思文笔流畅，即便是复杂话题在他笔下也能写得行云流水。约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思提出的许多颇具影响力的术语，如：“富裕社会(affluent society)”，“传统智慧(conventional wisdom)”和“抗衡力(countervailing power)”，逐渐为大众接受并成为常用语。
约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思身高6英尺8寸，身材修长，仪表堂堂。国家领导人经常向他咨询，而他则出谋划策、畅所欲言，虽然只有近半建议终获采纳。约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思对于自己无法接受的传统观点直接提出挑战，从不刻意回避。
约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思是一位德高望重的教授，一代又一代哈佛学子曾经聆听过他的教诲。不过，约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思的一言一行又总是备受关注。
20世纪30年代至90年代，约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思曾帮助指导民主党全国政治辩论，对民主党的发展方向及其领导人的思维方式都产生了重要影响。
曾经代表民主党参加1952年和1956年两届总统竞选的阿德莱·E·史蒂文森也曾师从约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思学习凯恩斯经济理论。他还曾任美国约翰·肯尼迪总统的顾问(二人经常在他们钟爱的波士顿Locke-Ober餐厅边吃炖龙虾边谈正事)，约翰·肯尼迪担任总统期间，他还担任过美国驻印度大使。
虽然加尔布雷思在越战问题上与林顿·B·约翰逊总统意见相左，但还是帮助约翰逊总统提出了“大社会”计划，并为其撰写了一篇重要的演讲稿，专门阐释推行该计划的目标。在1968年，反战立场坚定的加尔布雷思转而帮助参议员尤金·J·麦卡锡竞选民主党党内总统候选人的提名。
在其漫长的职业生涯中，格贝斯执行过多项政府要务，包括在第二次世界大战期间组织开展物价调控工作，先后为富兰克林·D·罗斯福、肯尼迪和约翰逊总统担任演讲撰稿人。
格贝斯还以自己的从政经历为蓝本写了三部颇具讽刺意味的小说。在《终身教授》中，他把矛头直指哈佛经济系，在小说中塑造了一个直言不讳的人物形象，与自己十分相像，在小说中加尔布雷思对这个人物也是百般揶揄。
加尔布雷思职业生涯大部分时间都任教于哈佛经济系，生前还是该系名誉教授。加尔布雷思授课颇受欢迎，在他看来，经济学不是一门由数字构成的晦涩学科，而是社会和文化的组成部分。
Topic 2
1. LAST week, Indonesia announced its 43rd human death from bird 在
