泽熙美文Ⅰ Vocabulary and Grammar
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
1. Some of these online services are free, while others ______ a charge.
A.carry
B.cashier
C.coincide
D.collect
正确答案：A
[解析] 形近识别
A．carry(动词)，搬运，运载，带有(责任)，带来(处罚，利息)，含有；B．cashier (名词)出纳；C．coincide(动词)一致、符合；D．collect(动词)收集，聚集，集中，搜集；此句意为：这些在线服务有些是免费的，而有些是要收费的；因此A为答案。
2. The jury gave a______of “not guilty”.
A.sentence
B.judgement
C.charge
D.verdict
正确答案：D
[解析] 近义辨析。
verdict裁决，判决，判断(指陪审团的裁决)：The verdict was that the prisoner was guilty．判决犯人有罪。sentence判决，宣判(指法庭的判决，尤其指对已判决有罪的人加以处罚的法院的刑罚决定)：He received a heavy sentence．他被判重刑。judgement判断，审判，裁判(指法庭的判决，法官的决定)：The judgement set a new precedent．那次判决树立了一个新的判例。charge指控，控告(指提出对不法行为的指控)：a charge of murder指控犯谋杀罪。
3. Every good story is carefully ______ ; the elements of the story reduced to fit with one another in order to make an effect on the reader.
A.emphasized
B.selected
C.planned
D.examined
正确答案：C
[解析] 动词辨析
A．emphasized强调，着重；B．selected选择，挑选；C．planned计划，设计；D．examined检查，调查，考试；此句意为：每一部好小说都是经过认真设计的；为了使之能打动读者，小说中的一些元素(情节)被缩减以使全文一致。因此答案为C。
4. The man went to prison, but the two boys ______ with a warning.
A.took off
B.got off
C.kept off
D.set off
正确答案：B
[解析] 本题意为“那个男子坐牢去了，可是那两个男孩只受到警告而没有受到处罚”。B项的“get off逃脱惩罚”符合题意。其他三项“take off脱下(衣服)，飞机(起飞)；keep off让开，不接近；set off=start off=set out=start out出发”都不正确。
5. We should always bear in mind that ______ decisions often result in serious consequences.
A.urgent
B.instant
C.prompt
D.hasty
正确答案：D
[解析] 由后半句中的“常常会产生严重的后果”可推知决定应为hasty(仓促的，草率的，急躁的)。如：They shouldn’t have made such a hasty decision．他们本不该作出这样草率的决定。
6. The house was very quiet, ______ as it was on the side of a mountain.
A.isolated
B.isolating
C.being isolated
D.having been isolated
正确答案：A
[解析] 结构识别
逗号后面的部分是原因状语从句as it was isolated on the side of a mountain，本句为了强调“被隔绝”之意，将isolated提前；因此A为答案。
7. Professor Johnson’s retirement ______ from next January.
A.carries into effect
B.takes effect
C.has effect
D.puts into effect
正确答案：B
[解析] carry into effect表示“实行，实现”；take effect指“开始实行，开始生效”，为不及物词组。如：The contract takes effect as of October 1．本合同从十月一日起生效。所以，答案为B。
8. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ______ to the body.
A.the stress it is greater
B.greater is the stress
C.greater stress is
D.the greater the stress
正确答案：D
[解析] 固定用法。
the+比较级，the+比较级。
9. Teenagers in the 1950s, who had to ______ an increasingly atomized family life and domestic and international tensions, scorned the sterile version of American life.
A.injure
B.conjure
C.confront
D.inflow
正确答案：C
[解析] 动词辨析
A．injure损害，伤害；B．conjure(以咒文)召唤，变戏法，想象；C．confront使面临，对抗，面对；D．inflow流入。
10. Success as ______ by economic output bears no close relationship to human achievement.
A.decided
B.achieved
C.assured
D.measured
正确答案：B
[解析] 词义辨析
A．decide决定，判决；B．achieve完成，达到；C．assure使……确信，保证，担保，断然地说；D．measure测量，估量，权衡，调节；而本句意为：靠经济输出来 ______ 的成功与人类成就没有紧密的关系。即：靠经济输出来达到/获得的成功与人类成就没有紧密的关系。achieve success是固定搭配，表：获得成功；因此B为答案。
11. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results ______ rough handling.
A.from
B.off
C.in
D.to
正确答案：A
[解析] 习语辨析。
result from由于……而发生，是……的结果：Any damage to a book resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower．由于疏忽而对书籍所造成的损坏应由借阅者赔偿。result in结果是，导致：These safety measures will result in the reduction of work accident．这些安全措施将减少工伤事故。
12. He was fined $ 5,000 by city regulators for giving money to an inspector, an incident he later described as ______.
A.extent
B.extinction
C.extortion
D.extravagance
正确答案：C
[解析] 形近识别
A．extent广度，范围；B．extinction消失，灭绝；C．extortion勒索，敲诈，强取；
D．extravagance奢侈，铺张，过度，放纵的言行；因表示：由于塞钱给一个检察员，他 被城管人员罚了5000美金，后来他将之称为敲诈，因此C为答案。
