泽熙美文材料题
根据以下材料，回答110-114题。
There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder” so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic,these people are internally”driven” to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate (过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships.In American English, a new word “workaholic” has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor.
There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally.Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The American culture values achievement, efficiency, and production–a workaholic supports these values.
Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary.Consequently, there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities.Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable “to work hard and play hard” and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work.
People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled.In the words of former President Richard Nixon: “The ‘work ethic’ holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America’s competitive spirit,the ‘work ethic’ of this people, is alive and well …” Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:”I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache.”
110 [单选题] The author states that workaholics_______. 查看材料
A.abuse themselves physically and mentally
B. are highly productive members of society
C.torture themselves physically
D. both A and B
正确答案：D
参考解析：细节题。作者在第二段指出对于工作狂，人们有两种不同的观点。一种观点认为“workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally”；另一种观点则认为“workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive”。故本题选D。
111 [单选题] Why have some people begun to place less emphasis on work and more on non-work activities? 查看材料
A.Because they realize that work is not useful.
B.Because they realize that leisure time should be enjoyed.
C.Because they realize that excessive work demands can be harmful to their health.
D.Because they realize that having friends is not as necessary as working.
正确答案：C
参考解析：细节题。根据文章第三段开头“…there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful”可知，人们开始意识到过度的工作会对健康造成损害。故本题选C。
112 [单选题] The reason why some people don’t socialize with their co-workers on the job is that_______. 查看材料
A.they consider work and play separate activities
B. they have nothing in common with their fellow workers
C. they feel that socializing with them well create problems at home
D. they feel that socializing with them may result in emotional problems
正确答案：A
参考解析：细节题。文章第四段开头“…the idea that work and play are distinct activities”指出人们认为工作和娱乐是两种独立分开的活动。故本题选A。
113 [单选题] The difference between Nixon’s view of work and the view expressed on the TV commercial for Anacin is that_______. 查看材料
A.the former is true; the latter is false
B. the former is a fact; the latter is an opinion
C. the former is a glorification of work; the latter is not
D. the former is an opinion; the latter is a fact
正确答案：C
参考解析：细节题。文章最后一段指出“People are ambivalent toward work；it is，at the same time，glorified and belittled”，即工作同时受到赞扬和贬低；接着就列举了Nixon的观点和Anacin这种药的广告词来阐释对工作的这两种看法。故本题选C。
114 [单选题] Which of the following statements is NOT true? 查看材料
A.Workaholics may suffer from mental problem.
B.Americans have changed the belief that work and play are distinct activities.
C. An employee under pressure is hard to get involved in social activities.
D.Americans have little time for personal relationships because they have to work.
正确答案：B
参考解析：细节题。第二段提到“Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally”，故排除A。根据第四段中的“Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities”可知，B项说法不正确。根据第四段中的“An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits”可知，C项说法正确。根据第一段中的“…Americans spend an inordinate(过度的)amount of time working and…have little time for leisure or personal relationships”可知D项说法正确。故本题选B。
115 [单选题] When teachers teach pronunciation to students, which of the following suggestions is useless?
A.Use hands and arms to conduct choral pronunciation practice.
B. Move around the classroom when doing choral practice.
C. Try to use visual aids.
D. Rely on explanations.
正确答案：D
参考解析：本题考查语音教学。教师进行语音教学时，要坚持准确性、趣味性等原则，灵活运用教学方法。A、B、C三项均可以在语音教学中使用，D项“依赖于解释”不适用于语音教学。故本题选D。
116 [单选题] If a teacher says a key word “travel” and asks students to write down all the words they can think of connected with “travel” in two minutes. What kind of method does the teacher take to consolidate the students’ vocabulary?
A.Word association.
B. Word bingo.
C. Word collocation.
D. Word labeling.
正确答案：A
参考解析：本题考查词汇教学。题干：教师说出关键词“travel”，让学生在两分钟内尽可能多地写下与此相关的词语。该教师采用了哪种巩固学生词汇的方法?word association“词语联想”，word bing。“单词宾果游戏”，word collocation“词语搭配”，word labeling“单词贴标签”。由题干可知，该教师采用的是词语联想的方法。故本题选A。
材料题
根据以下材料，回答117-117问题。
Frenchmen attach great importance to education. They regard the cultivation of children as a social obligation. French education mixes warm romantic humor into its careful and severe education. I have ever heard such a story:
It took place in an ordinary French family. One day, when the boy was playing basketball,the ball hit a vase off the shelf with its
