Correcting Grammatical Errors
1. Inside the gallery were some Western paintings, photographs, and there were a few works of Chinese calligraphy, but not any sculptures.
A.and works of Chinese calligraphy, but no sculptures
B.and there were a few works of Chinese calligraphy, but no sculptures
C.and works of Chinese calligraphy, there were no sculptures
D.and works of Chinese calligraphy, no sculptures were there
正确答案:A
[考点] 该题考查平行结构与省略的运用。
[解析] 句子译文:画廊里有一些西方绘画、摄影和中国书法作品,但没有雕塑。
试题参考解析:(1)画线部分错误分析:为了保持句子的平衡,句中的并列成分应在结构上保持一致。画线处and后面用there were引导的句子破坏了整句的平行结构,故错误。
(2)选项分析:根据平行结构知识可以排除B选项;选项C和D都缺少连词连接前后句子,故错误。选项A中最后的but no sculpture省略了后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分,故正确。
知识拓展:并列结构中的省略
在并列结构中,尤其当第二个分句出现and、but、neither、either、nor等时,那么后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分可以省略,例如:
Good will be rewarded with good, and evil with evil.
善有善报,恶有恶报。
2. Mental health disorders are on the rise in U.K. with recent NHS data show that 1 in 8 children and young people who age between 5 and 19 in England have at least one mental problem.
A.showing; aging
B.showing; aged
C.shown; aging
D.shown; aged
正确答案:B
[考点] 该题考查with复合结构的运用。
[解析] 句子译文:心理问题在英国正在呈上升趋势,英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)最近的数据显示,英国每8名5岁~19岁的儿童和年轻人中就有1人患有至少一种心理问题。
试题参考解析:(1)画线部分错误分析:with的复合结构一般在句子中作状语,可以表示伴随、时间、原因和方式等,其常见形式有“with+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语/副词/不定式”,由此可以判断第一个画线处show使用错误。第二个画线处age作动词表示“变老”的意思,与句中“……岁”的意思不符,故错误。
(2)选项分析:由于with后的名词data和动词show是逻辑上的主谓关系,故该句应采用“with+名词/代词+现在分词”结构,因此排除C和D。aged作形容词表示“……岁”,可以作后置定语,故排除A,选B。
3. Too much alcohol leads to dehydration and also to weight gain, both of them are risk factors for hypertension.
A.both that
B.both of what
C.both of which
D.both
正确答案:C
[考点] 该题考查非限制性定语从句复合结构的运用。
[解析] 句子译文:过量饮酒会导致脱水以及体重增加,这两者都是导致高血压的危险因素。
试题参考解析:(1)画线部分错误分析:由于题干中前后两个句子中间没有任何连词,故可以判断其并非并列句,画线部分不能用both of them。
(2)选项分析:由选项可以判断,该句是包含非限制性定语从句的复合句。根据句意,该句的先行词为dehydration和weight gain,故应使用关系代词which连接;A和B选项中的that和what都不能引导非限制性定语从句,故排除。同时,该定语从句的主语是不定代词both,所以只能与of whom或of which搭配,相当于and both of them。故正确选项为C。
4. The ability to the concentration of something in a distracting environment and direct your mental effort toward it is critical for learning new things.
A.the concentration on
B.be concentrated on
C.concentrate on
D.concentrating on
正确答案:C
[考点] 该题考查非谓语动词(不定式)的运用。
[解析] 句子译文:能将注意力集中在一件事上,并能将所有精力投入到这件事上,这对于学习新事物来说至关重要。
试题参考解析:(1)画线部分错误分析:画线部分the ability to sth.为错误用法,其正确用法为the ability to do sth.。
(2)选项分析:根据ability的上述用法可以排除A和D选项。concentrate的宾语应为something,B选项被动语态用法错误。因此,该题正确选项为C。
5. While November is normally the wettest month of the year for coastal British Columbia, this year, many places received fewer than half of their average monthly rainfall, including Vancouver, which received 45% of its usual rainfall.
A.half fewer than
B.half less than
C.less than half
D.less half than
正确答案:C
[考点] 该题考查fewer和less的区别。
[解析] 句子译文:虽然11月通常是不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海地区一年中最潮湿的季节,但今年许多地方的降雨量不足月平均降雨量的一半,其中包括温哥华,其降雨量仅为平常的45%。
试题参考解析:(1)画线部分错误分析:画线部分fewer than只能用于修饰可数名词,然而rainfall为不可数名词,故此处搭配错误。
(2)选项分析:选项A中fewer修饰的是可数名词,故排除。less than可以修饰不可数名词,其表达应为less than half of…rainfall,因此排除B和D选项,故该题选C。
6. An independent person will indeed have a personality, but a person with personality may not be necessary independent.
A.may not be necessary independent
B.may be not necessary independent
C.may not necessarily be independent
D.may be not necessarily independent
正确答案:C
[考点] 该题考查副词的用法。
[解析] 句子译文:独立的人确实很有个性,但有个性的人不一定都很独立。
试题参考解析:(1)画线部分错误分析:画线部分的independent为形容词,故不能用形容词necessary修饰,所以错误。
(2)选项分析:句中的形容词independent只能用副词necessarily修饰,故排除A和B选项。may作为情态动词,其否定形式需要在may后面直接加not,即may not be,表示“可能不是”的意思;may be not则用法错误,其正确形式应为maybe not,表示“或许不是”的意思。故选项C正确。
7. While stopping waiting for the traffic light to turn green, the mayor noticed the ghastly flyers pasted on street walls and came to a realization that would help him prevent them spreading.
A.and waiting for; being spread
B.to wait for; being spread
C.to waiting for; from spread
D.to wait for; from spreading
正确答案:D
[考点] 该题考查非谓语动词的运用。
[解析] 句子译文:这位市长在等红绿灯时发现马路两旁的墙上贴满了广告单,他随即灵机一动,想出一个防止乱贴广告的好办法。
试题参考解析:(1)画线部分错误分析:stop作动词时的常用搭配有stop doing sth. 和stop to do sth. 两种,前者表示“停止做某事”,后者表示“停下一件事去做另一件事”。根据句意可以得知这位市长停下等红灯,而非停止等红灯,故第一个画线处错误。prevent的用法为prevent sb./sth. from doing,表示“防止……做某事”,并非prevent sth./sb. doing sth.。
(2)选项分析:由stop和prevent的常用搭配可以直接排除A、B和C选项,故该题选D。
8. Five-star general John Pershing had such a sweeping command in World War I as no single WW Ⅱ general was a correspondence to him.
A.such a sweeping command in World War Ⅰ that no single WW Ⅱ general would be a correspondence with him
B.so sweeping a command in World War Ⅰ as no single WW Ⅱ general would be corresponding to him
C.such a sweeping command in World War Ⅰ because no single WW Ⅱ

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