Vocabulary Replacement
1. The Monday train collision killed at least 71 and injured 416 others by the time of press. It occurred when a passenger train collided with an oncoming train.
A.clashed
B.crashed
C.crushed
D.smashed
正确答案:B
[解析] 句子译文:截至发稿时,周一发生的火车相撞事故已造成至少71人死亡,416人受伤。事故发生时,一列客运列车脱轨,与一列迎面而来的列车相撞。
试题参考解析:A.clashed v. 冲突,抵触
B.crashed v. 碰撞
C.crushed v. 压坏,压碎
D.smashed v. 粉碎,打碎
句中by the time of press意思是“截至发稿时”,画线词collided意为“碰撞”,与之意思相近的词是选项B的crashed,故B为正确选项。
知识拓展:crash,clash,crush,smash的区别
这四个词形似,容易混淆,具体使用时要注意区别它们的意思和主要用法。
1)crash可以作动词和名词,主要意思是“碰撞,撞击”,一般用来表示交通事故,如飞机的坠毁、汽车的碰撞、火车的出轨等,也可以作为比喻表示商业或金融机构的突然打击、破产或垮掉,如:All the team members were killed in a plane crash. (所有的队员都在一次飞机失事中丧生。);I know his stockbroking firm was hit by the 1987 finance crash.(我知道他的股票经纪公司在1987年的金融危机中受到了打击。)
2)clash也可以作动词和名词,主要意思是“冲突,冲撞”,如:We all know inside government,there was a clash of views.(我们都知道政府内部有意见冲突。)It’s a pity the two concerts clash; I really want to go to both.(很遗憾,两个音乐会时间冲突,我真的都想去听。)
3) crush作动词的主要意思是“压碎,压坏”,指在两个坚硬物体的表面之间挤压,所施加的力量会对原物体的形状与完整造成破坏,如:The workers crush the olives with a heavy wooden press.(工人们用沉重的木制压榨机把橄榄压碎。)也可引申为“镇压”,如:The army was sent by the Prime Minister to crush the rebellion.(首相派军队去镇压叛乱。)。用作名词的时候,主要意思一是表示“拥挤的人群”,如:Ten years ago, my six-year-old son got separated in the crush.(十年前,我六岁的儿子在拥挤的人群中走散了。);二是和爱情有关,表示“迷恋,热恋”,如:I remember the crush Lucy had on their boss of the company.(我记得露西暗恋他们公司的老板。)
4)smash的主要意思是“打碎;捣毁”,如:The beautiful cup hit the floor with a smash.(漂亮的杯子啪的一声掉在地上摔得粉碎。)
2. We constantly receive information (stimuli) through a mental (cognitive) process in which we simultaneously attach meaning that makes sense to us to that information.
A.synonymously
B.synchronously
C.synthetically
D.synoptically
正确答案:B
[解析] 句子译文:我们不断地通过心理(认知)过程接收信息(刺激),在这个过程中,我们同时将对我们有意义的意思附加到信息上。
试题参考解析:A.synonymously adv. 同义地
B.synchronously adv. 同步地,同时地
C.synthetically adv. 综合地;合成地
D.synoptically adv. 概括性地;高瞻远瞩地
画线词simultaneously意为“同时地”,与其意思相近的词是synchronously,意为“同步地,同时地”,其他选项虽然前缀都为syn-,但是意思都不尽相同,均不符合句意,故B为正确选项。
3. Soon the wearer of a virtual reality headset will be able to be “present” at sporting or theatrical events staged thousands of miles away.
A.helm
B.hem
C.hermit
D.helmet
正确答案:D
[解析] 句子译文:要不了多久,戴虚拟现实头盔的人将能够“现场观看”几千英里之外举行的体育赛事或剧场演出。
试题参考解析:A.helm n. 舵;领导地位
B.hem n. 边,边缘
C.hermit n. 隐士,隐居者
D.helmet n. 头盔
a virtual reality headset意为“虚拟现实头盔”,画线词headset作为名词主要意思是“耳机”,在句中的意思为拓展义,故其近义词是选项D的helmet,其他选项均不符合句意,故D为正确选项。
4. Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat, and the cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied.
A.ineffective
B.ineffectual
C.inexperienced
D.ineligible
正确答案:C
[解析] 句子译文:年轻的马克·吐温于1857年踏上社会,当时他是一名年轻的蒸汽船领航员。在他的新职业中有各种各样的人物展现在他的眼前。
试题参考解析:A.ineffective adj. 无效的,失效的
B.ineffectual adj. 不起作用的,徒劳无益的
C.inexperienced adj. 缺乏经验的,不熟练的
D.ineligible adj. 不合格的,不适任的
画线词cub原意为“幼兽,小老虎,小狮子”,可引申为“没有经验的新人,菜鸟”。与其意思相近的词是选项C的inexperienced,其他选项均不符合句意,故C为正确选项。
5. Healthy ecosystems and biodiversity are vital for regulating the climate. False climate solutions which harm biodiversity and ecosystems will further destabilize the climate.
A.underpin
B.undermine
C.underestimate
D.undertake
正确答案:B
[解析] 句子译文:健康的生态系统和生物多样性对调节气候至关重要。破坏生物多样性和生态系统的虚假气候解决方案会进一步破坏气候的稳定。
试题参考解析:A.underpin v. 巩固;支持
B.undermine v. 破坏,危害
C.underestimate v. 低估;看轻
D.undertake v. 承担,保证;从事
画线词destabilize意为“使动摇,不稳定”,destabilize the climate意思是“使气候不稳定,破坏气候”。与其意思相近的词是选项B的undermine,其他选项均不符合句意,故B为正确选项。
6. The activity raises the public awareness of the senile dementia and attains surprisingly large amount of donation for medical treatments.
A.precedes
B.presides
C.professes
D.procures
正确答案:D
[解析] 句子译文:这项活动提高了公众对老年痴呆症的认知,并获得了惊人数目的用于医疗治疗的捐赠。
试题参考解析:A.precedes v. 先于
B.presides v. 主持,掌管
C.professes v. 声称,公开表示
D.procures v. 获得,取得
句中画线词attain意为“获得,取得”,与之意思相近的词是procure,也表示“获得,取得”,故D为正确选项。
7. The Magna Carta established the principle that the king had to follow the laws of the land and it guaranteed the rights of individuals against the wishes of the king.
A.pledged
B.disavowed
C.repudiated
D.gainsaid
正确答案:A
[解析] 句子译文:《大宪章》确立了国王必须遵守土地法的原则,并保证个人的权利不受国王意愿的影响。
试题参考解析:A.pledged v. 保证,许诺

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