泽熙美文第一部分 英汉译
1. When night falls in remote parts of Afica and the Indian subcontinent, hundreds of millions of people without access to electricity turn to candles or flammable and polluting kerosene lamps for illumination.
Slowly through small loans for solar powered devices, microfinance is bringing light to these rural regions where a lack of electricity has stymied economic development, literacy rates and health.
“Earlier, they could not do much once the sun set. Now, the sun is used differently. They have increased their productivity, improved their health and socio-economic status,” said Pinal Shah from SEWA Bank, a micro-lending Institution.
Vegetable seller Ramiben Waghri took out a loan to buy a solar lantern which she uses to light up her stall at night. The lantern costs between $66-$112, about a week’s income for Waghri.
“The vegetables look better by this light, and it’s cheaper than kerosene and doesn’t smell,” said Waghri, who estimates she makes about 300 rupees ($6) more each evening with her lantern.
“If we can use the sun to save some money, why not?”
In India, solar power projects, often funded by micro credit institutions, are helping the country reduce carbon emissions and achieve its goal to double the contribution of renewable energy to 6%, or 25,000 megawatts, within the next four years.
Off-grid applications such as solar cookers and lanterns, which can provide several hours of light at night after being charged by the sun during the day, will help cut dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the fourth biggest emitter’s carbon footprint, said Pradeep Dadhich, a senior fellow at energy research institute TERI.
“They are reaching people who otherwise have limited or no access to electricity, and depend on kerosene, diesel or firewood for their energy needs,” he said.
“The applications not only satisfy these needs, they also improve the quality of life and reduce the carbon footprint.”
SEWA or Self Employed Women’s Association, is among a growing number of microfinance institutions in India focused on providing affordable renewable energy sources to poor people, who otherwise would have had to stand for hours to buy kerosene for lamps, or trudge miles to collect firewood for cooking.
SKS Microfinance, India’s largest MFI, offers solar lamps to its 5 million customers, while Grameen Surya Bijlee (Rural Solar Electricity) Foundation helps fund lamps and home and street lighting systems for villagers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.
正确答案：
每当夜幕降临，在非洲和印度次大陆偏远地区，数亿居民用不上电，只能靠蜡烛或煤油灯照明。煤油灯不仅容易引发火灾，而且会污染空气。
这些农村地区长期缺乏电力供应，这阻碍了当地经济、教育和医疗卫生事业的发展。不过现在，人们开始利用小额贷款购买太阳能设备，逐渐改善了这些地区的照明条件。
自我就业妇女协会(SEWA)银行是一家小额信贷机构。就职于该机构的皮纳尔·沙哈(Pinal Shah)说：“以前，太阳一落山，人们就干不了多少活了。而现在，人们对太阳能有了全新的利用方式。利用太阳能，人们提高了生产力，改善了健康状况，促进了当地经济社会的发展。
拉米本·瓦格里(Ramiben Waghri)是一个蔬菜摊贩，她通过小额贷款买了一盏太阳能灯，到了晚上用它来为摊位照明。太阳能灯的售价为66美元至112美元不等，大约是她一个星期的收入。
瓦格里说：“用太阳能灯照着，蔬菜卖相更好看，而且这灯本身比煤油灯便宜，还没有气味。”她估算，有了太阳能灯，她每晚能多挣300卢比(合6美元)。
“能用太阳省点钱，为什么不用呢?”
在印度，太阳能项目往往能得到小额信贷机构的资助。这些项目不仅有助于减少印度的碳排放，而且有助于印度在今后四年内实现可再生能源贡献率翻一番，达到6%的目标，相当于可再生能源发电量达到25000兆瓦。
印度能源与资源研究所(TERI)的高级研究员普拉迪普·达蒂奇(Pradeep Dadhich)表示，太阳能灯白天充电后，可以在夜间提供数小时照明。像太阳能灶和太阳能灯等离网应用可以帮助印度这个世界第四大碳排放国降低对化石燃料的依赖，降低碳排放。
他说：“有了这些太阳能离网应用，那些生活在无电或少电地区的人们就可以逐渐摆脱对煤油、柴油或柴火等能源的依赖。”
“这些应用不仅满足了人们的能源需求，还提高了人们的生活质量，减少了碳足迹。”
在印度，小额信贷机构日益增多，自我就业妇女协会就是其中一员。这些机构旨在帮助穷人获得实惠的可再生能源。有了小额信贷，穷人不再需要排队数小时购买煤油点灯，或者跋涉数英里拾柴做饭。
印度最大的小额信贷机构SKS (SKS Microfinance)为其500万客户提供太阳能灯，农村太阳能电力(Grameen Surya Bijlee)基金会则为印度、尼泊尔和孟加拉国的村民购买太阳能灯、家用和街道用太阳能照明设施提供信贷支持。
第二部分 汉译英
1. 互联网推进了中国经济社会发展。在经济领域，互联网加速向传统产业渗透，产业边界日益交融，新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起，衍生了新的业态。互联网在促进经济结构调整、转变经济发展方式等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。
互联网成为推动中国经济发展的重要引擎。包括互联网在内的信息技术与产业，对中国经济高速增长做出了重要贡献。
互联网与实体经济不断融合，利用互联网改造和提升传统产业，带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变。互联网发展与运用还催生了一批新兴产业，工业咨询、软件服务、外包服务等工业服务业蓬勃兴起。信息技术在加快自主创新和节能降耗，推动减排治污等方面的作用日益凸显，互联网已经成为中国发展低碳经济的新型战略性产业。
中国政府将大力推动电子商务类、教育类网站发展，积极推进电子政务建设，支持发展网络广播、网络电视等新兴媒体，倡导提供形式多样、内容丰富的互联网信息服务，以满足人们多样化、多层次的信息消费需求。
正确答案：
As an economical and social driver in China, the Internet has economically spread its influence into traditional sectors which has blurred the boundaries between industries and fuelled the emergence of new business models and service economy, generating new types of industries. The Internet is playing an increasingly important role in promoting economic restructuring and upgrading economic development.
The Internet has become an engine for the economic growth of China. The information technology and industry, including the Internet, has made significant contributions to the rapid growth of the Chinese economy.
Increasingly integrated with the real economy through reforming and enhancing traditional industries, the Internet restructures traditional industries and transforms the economic growth. Thanks to its extensive development and application, the Internet has given rise to a host of emerging industries, including industrial counseling, software and outsourcing services, highlighting the role of IT in promoting independent innovation, energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection. To this end, the Internet has emerged as a strategic industry in China’s development of low-carbon economy.
The Chinese government will advance the building of e-commerce and education based websites, beef up e-government, propel the development of emerging media such as online radio and television, and encourage to provide Internet information services that are diversified in form and rich in content to meet the consumers’ varied and multi-tiered information needs.
第一部分 英汉译
1. This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.
Claims of a “water apartheid,” where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities—to the rich and the poor alike—is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.
The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.
The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains. The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.
By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency’s report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency’s proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.
People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from 没
