泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Firstly, it is necessary to pinpoint1 the most important area(s) of cooperation. The joint declaration issued at the 2009 BRICS summit had only 15 articles2, or 1,500 Chinese characters, about the areas of cooperation. But in recent years, it has become longer and longer, with about 10,000 Chinese characters covering all areas of cooperation, ranging from domestic affairs3 to international issues. The long list shows a strong will of the BRICS to promote cooperation. However, BRICS is not able to accomplish everything. At present and in the near future, BRICS needs to focus on the urgent task of pushing forward global trade governance, global financial governance, cyber security, and fighting against unilateralism and hegemonism.
Secondly, BRICS must avoid the danger of becoming a “talk shop4“. During the summit, BRICS leaders discuss ways of promoting cooperation. This kind of top-level designing is important and necessary as it can serve as5 a road-map for BRICS cooperation. However, on the basis of top-level designing, the most important thing is implementation. If there is no oversight or monitoring of the results of implementing what has been agreed by the leaders, the danger of becoming a talk shop would emerge.6
Thirdly, membership should be expanded7. BRICS claims to be open and inclusive, not exclusive. As President Xi said at the just-concluded8 BRICS summit in Brazil, the circle of friendship and partnership can be widened for RRICS.
正确答案：
首先，要明确最重要的合作领域。在2009年金砖国家峰会上发表的联合声明中，关于合作领域只有15条内容，约1500个汉字，但近年来这些条款越来越长，达到一万个汉字，涵盖从国内事务到国际问题的所有领域。这表明金砖国家推动合作的强烈意愿。然而金砖国家无法做到面面俱到，在现阶段及未来一段时间，应着重推进全球贸易治理、金融治理与网络安全以及抵制单边主义与霸权主义等紧迫任务。
其次，金砖国家应避免变成“清谈馆”。峰会期间各国领导人讨论促进合作的方式，这种勾勒合作路线图的顶层设计至关重要、必不可少，但在此基础上，最重要的是实施与执行。领导人达成共识后，如果执行结果缺乏监督，那就有变成“清谈馆”的危险。
再次，金砖国家要扩围。金砖国家是一个开放、包容的非排他性组织。在刚刚结束的金砖国家巴西峰会上，中国国家主席习近平指出，要扩大金砖国家朋友圈、伙伴圈。
[解析] 1．pinpoint准确地找到/描述，相当于accurately point out。
2．article条款，规定。15 articles译成“15条内容”，“内容”二字是添加进去的，这样更符合中文表达习惯。
3．domestic affairs通常译成“内政”，但为了与后面的“国际问题”呼应，译成四字短语“国内事务”。
4．talk shop意思是“只空谈，不行动”或“只谈规划，不管执行”。
5．serve as发挥……的作用，相当于play the role of。译文将状语从句as it can serve as…处理成前置定语，并且“勾勒”一词与“路线图”非常搭配。
6．本段最后一句中，if开头的条件状语从句很长，而且还包含一个由疑问句what引导的宾语从句，因此一定要注意译文的结构和语序。疑问词引导的从句不好翻译，what has been agreed by the leaders先直译成“领导人们同意的/达成一致的内容”，再换成中文常用词组，就是“领导人达成共识”。
7．expand membership其实是“增加成员国”的意思，“扩围”是官方说法。
8．just-concluded是“副词+过去分词”合成的形容词，这是一种常见的构词法，合成的单词可以作为前置定语取代定语从句。
Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following passage into English.
1. 中国国际进口博览会的举办为境外中小企业提供了直接面向1广大中国消费者的机会，提供了施展拳脚2的空间。参展商代表都表示，中国市场大，收获颇多。
食品和农产品展馆香气四溢。3南非La Burg公司负责人Appav脸上洋溢着笑容：“我们对中国市场非常有信心，能来到进博会现场让我感到十分幸运。”
今年南非共有39家企业参展，其中20家是小企业。4“现在，和我们签约的订单5已超过5000万美元，合作协议一个接着一个，我们已经预订了第三届进博会的展位6。”在第二届中国国际进口博览会现场，南非中小企业协会会长邵正宇向记者这样说。
正确答案：
The China International Import Expo (CIIE) has provided the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) overseas with an opportunity to directly interact with the Chinese consumers and promote their products. The exhibitors all recorded satisfactory results thanks to the vast Chinese market.
“We are very confident in the Chinese market, and I feel lucky to be able to take part in the CIIE,” Appav, head of the South African company La Burg, said with a big smile on his face in the delicious pavilion of food and agricultural produce.
Thirty-nine companies from South Africa joined this year’s CIIE, including 20 small ones. “We’ve signed one cooperation agreement after another, and the orders so far have amounted to more than USD50 million. We’ve already booked a spot for the 3rd CIIE,” Shao Zhengyu, president of the South African Association of Small and Medium Enterprises, told the reporter at the site of the 2nd CIIE.
[解析] 1．此处的“面向”不宜译成face，因为face是“面对、面临”的意思，而原文是指境外中小企业与中国消费者直接打交道。
2．“施展拳脚”是比喻性用法，指让那些企业有展示自己的舞台，意译即可。
3．“香气四溢”不宜译成fragrant，因为在食品和农产品展馆，“香气四溢”自然是形容食物，所以译文用了delicious一词。
4．在英语中，如果一句话以数字开头，那么开头的数字最好不要以拉伯数字的形式出现，如本句译文中的thirty-nine。
5．“订单”是不会和“我们”签约的，应该是合作方与企业签订了订单。在口语中，这种逻辑上有错误但沟通中可以理解的情况经常出现，翻译的时候要注意理解原文，并在译文中避免逻辑错误。
6．“展位”一般译成booth，“预订展位”除了用译文中的book a spot，还可以用book/reserve a booth。
翻译三级笔译实务模拟84
Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Ireland is a sovereign state in western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area1 is home to around a quarter of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.
Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922.2 Initially a dominion3, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland”. In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland Act 1948.
Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with4 a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.
In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.
The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2% since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population).5 In 2012, 35.1% of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2% during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6%.
Capital punishment is constitutionally6 banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion, race or membership of the travelling community is illegal.
Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004.7 Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.
正确答案：
爱尔兰是西欧主权国家，人口460万，国土面积约占爱尔兰岛的5/6，陆上仅与北爱尔兰接壤。首都都柏林是爱尔兰最大的城市，其都市圈聚集了全国约1/4的人口。爱尔兰是单一制议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由选举产生。政府首脑则由议会参议院提名产生。
爱尔兰独立战争后，爱尔兰与英国签署了《英爱条约》，随后于1922年脱离英国获得独立。爱尔兰最初只是自治领。直到1931年《威斯敏斯特条例》实施，其完全司法独立才得到英国正式承认。1937年，爱尔兰颁布新的宪法，定国名为爱尔兰。1949年，1948年通过的《爱尔兰共和国法案》生效，爱尔兰宣布成为共和国。
按人均GDP计算，爱尔兰是世界上最富有的国家之一。1973年，爱尔兰实
