泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Under Agenda 2063, Africa will be a continent without any form of food or nutrition insecurity and hunger1 by 2025. Measures will be adopted that lead to food sovereignty by2 supporting women’s capacity to produce safe, nutritious and culturally acceptable foods, promoting research in local seed systems and farming methods, protection of indigenous seeds and knowledge technologies, establishment of local seed banks3 and ensuring access to natural resources by women farmers, fishers and pastoralists.
By 2025, stunting4 will be reduced to 10 per cent of the youth population and underweight prevalence shall not exceed 5 per cent among children. Neither stunting nor underweight children will exist by 2063. The vision of a prosperous, food and nutrition secure and，therefore poverty-free Africa will be fully realized.
To guarantee the high standard of living as a right, Africa of 2063 will be characterized by all its citizens being entitled to affordable social security by law and where social protection is extended to physically and mentally disabled citizens, the elderly and children. Africans will be free from fear and want, and all public facilities and services will be accessible to all persons, including those with physical disabilities. The Africa of 2063 will be a compassionate and caring society.
正确答案：
根据非洲《2063年议程》，到2025年，非洲将彻底消除一切形式的粮食不足、营养不良和食不果腹的情况。非洲将采取措施，提高妇女生产安全、营养、符合文化传统的食物的能力，促进当地粮种体系和耕作方法研究，保护当地粮种与知识技术，建立当地粮种库，保证女性农民、渔民和牧民能获得自然资源，从而实现粮食自主。
到2025年，降低青少年群体的发育不良率至10%，儿童体重不足率不超过5%。到2063年，发育不良和体重不足的情况在儿童群体中不复存在。到那时，建设繁荣兴旺、粮食充足、营养均衡、消除贫困的非洲的愿景将完全实现。
为保证高质量生活成为普遍权利，到2063年，所有非洲人民都依法享有价格实惠的社会保障，残疾人士(包括身体和智力残疾)、老年人和儿童都享有社会福利。非洲人民再也不会生活在恐惧与匮乏中，包括身体残疾人士在内的全体人民都能享受公共设施与服务。2063年的非洲将成为一个善良、充满关爱的社会。
[解析] 1．any form of意为“任何形式的”。insecurity的意思是“不安全”，虽然“粮食安全”很常见，但“粮食不安全”却很少见，最好转换成“粮食不足”。前两个词组译成“粮食不足”和“营养不良”，再把hunger译成“饥饿”就会影响流畅度，最好再用一个四字词语，即参考译文的“食不果腹”。
2．by引导的方式状语非常长，应先把这些措施译出来，最后译出food sovereignty这一结果。sovereignty一般指主权，也有“自主”的意思。
3．seed bank千万不要译成“粮种银行”，bank作名词时，除了“银行”还有“海岸”和“储库”的意思。
4．stunt是“阻碍……的正常生长或发展”的意思，a stunted child即“发育不良的小孩”。
Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following passage into English.
1. 通济渠郑州段的前身为鸿沟(战国时期，公元前5世纪至公元前3世纪开辟的沟通黄淮河流域的运河水系)1的一部分，是仅有的两段通济渠现存河道之一，遗存包括索须河运河故道和一段汴河遗址。它反映了大运河河道的线路、走向，其考古遗存解释了早期运河的形态、规模以及通济渠与其水源河道黄河的关系。2
索须河目前是郑州市西北部的主要泄洪排涝和景观河道，河道规整、道路便达、水质较清。
汴河遗址3北起黄河南岸，流经惠济桥注入通济渠后东折。目前引黄河水入渠的这段河道已经深埋于地下。考古调查确定，此段古河道宽150～220米。河道两侧残存有断断续续的河堤，堤上有路，宽6～7米。
正确答案：
The Honggou Canal dug in the Warring States Period (5th-3rd century B.C.) ran through, thus connected the Yellow River basin and the Huaihe River basin. A section of it later joined the Tongji Canal and was known as the Zhengzhou Section, one of the only two existing river courses of the Tongji Canal. Along the section one sees the old course of the Suoxu River and the ancient course of the Bianhe River. The Zhengzhou Section thus indicates the route of the Grand Canal and the archaeological sites along it the Grand Canal’s early-day form and size. Also, it suggests the connection between the Tongji Canal and the Yellow River from which the former had its water supply.
The Suoxu River, a cityscape and major flood-relief channel in northwest Zhengzhou, features a well-built river course, an easy access, and fairly clear water.
From the south bank of the Yellow River, the ancient course of the Bianhe River extends southwards to the Huiji Bridge before flowing into the Tongji Canal and running further east. This section of river course via which the water was channeled from the Yellow River into the Tongji Canal has remained deep underground. Archaeological findings show that the ancient river course measures 150-220 meters in width. Roads 6-7 meters wide extend on embankment segments.
[解析] 1．第一句括号中的解释部分宜单独成句，避免定语从句过长，句式过于复杂。战国时期的起止时间就是公元前5世纪至公元前3世纪，译成英文时将其置于括号之内。
2．本段中出现的鸿沟、大运河、通济渠的英文均为canal，指人工开凿的水道。
3．“汴河遗址”即河流故道，注意不要生硬地译为site，与“河流”并不能搭配。
翻译三级笔译实务模拟91
Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. The water crisis in South Africa is dire. Many areas of South Africa are, quite literally1, running out of usable water. Cape Town2, one of the country’s top3 tourist destinations, is coping with its worst drought in more than a hundred years. The city was declared a disaster area in March 2017, and the water shortage has become so intense that citizens fear the taps will soon run dry.
Despite the severe drought, demand for water remains high, driven primarily by increased production in agriculture (63%) and industrial sectors (11%), such as manufacturing and mining. Domestic needs4, too, account for a large percentage of demand (26%), owing to5 rising income levels and population growth. Whether for businesses or homes, excessive water use is a problem that sucks6 water sources dry. In addition, irresponsible agricultural and industrial practices continue to harm water quality. This, in turn, damages downstream ecosystems, like wetlands, that serve to mitigate pollution, droughts, floods, and other environmental damage7.
We need to reverse this vicious cycle before it’s too late. Water shortages, poor-quality water, and damaged ecosystems8 all pose significant risk to people’s livelihoods and businesses’ bottom lines9. To balance critical needs—such as safeguarding the supply of flesh drinking water and managing thirsty crops—we must think creatively about the future.10
正确答案：
南非水资源危机非常严重。毫不夸张地说，南非很多地区已经没有可用水。作为南非最热门旅游打卡地之一的开普敦正面临百年一遇的旱灾。2017年3月，开普敦被宣布为灾区，缺水问题极其严重，居民担心水龙头很快就流不出水。
尽管旱情严峻，水需求却居高不下，主要是由于农业(63%)与制造业、采矿业等工业行业(11%)生产加大。随着国民收入增加、国内人口增长，生活用水需求也占较大比例(26%)。企业和家庭的过度用水会造成水源枯竭。此外，不负责任的工农业生产方式也仍在破坏水质，这种行为破坏了下游湿地和其他生态体系，影响了它们对污染、干旱、洪涝及其他环境灾害的缓解功能。
现在扭转这一恶性循环，为时未晚。水资源匮乏、水质低下、生态体系受损给人民生活和企业经营带来重大风险。我们不仅要保障饮用淡水供应，还要满足农作物的用水需求，要平衡这些关键需求，就必须创造性地思考未来。
[解析] 1．literally除了“字面地、逐字地”这个意思之外，还有“不夸张地”之意。另外，quite literally这一插入语按照中文表达习惯应放在句首。
2．cape Town即开普敦，是南非第二大城市，千万不要译成“卡帕镇”，这就要求考生平时广泛阅读，多积累储备词汇。
3．top这个词一般表示“最好的、最优的”，但在翻译时要根据实际情况进行调整，此处译为“热门的”更合适。
4．domestic本义是“家庭的、国内的”，但在有些搭配中可译成“生活的”，比如domestic waste(生活垃圾)、domestic sewage(生活污水)，原文中的domestic needs也可以译成“家庭用水需求”。
5．owing to引导的原因状语在英文里一般是放在主句后面的，但译成中文时应先交代原因，再说结果。
6．suck是“吮吸、吸取”的意思，suck sth. dry就是“把某物吸干”或“使干枯”。
7．that引导的是修饰ecosystems的定语从句，但从句太长，不宜译成前置定语。湿地和其他生态体系本来有缓解环境灾害的功能，它们遭到破坏后，缓解功能肯定同样受损，所以译文把定语从句译成短语，加上“影响”一词，与上文衔接更自然。
8．这里有三个并列短语，第一个是“名词+名词”结构，第二、三个是“形容词+名词”结构，译文将三者统一成“名词+形容词”结构，体现中文排比句的修辞效果。
9．businesses’ bottom lines，字面意思为“企业底线”，但这里“底线”的含义不明，而“给企业底线带来风险”含义不清且不符合中文表达习惯，所以译文转换成了“企业经营”。
10．这一句的主干是To balance critical needs we must think creatively about the future，中间插入的such as是为了列举critical needs的具体内容。插入语在英文中很常见，就算它把主干的两部分远远地隔开，在语法上也没
