翻译三级笔译实务模拟87

Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

1.  The enthusiasm for road cycling competitions began at the end of the 19th century and has not stopped growing since. Some big races attract around tens of millions of spectators and are watched by TV viewers all over the world.

The first race officially recorded dates back to 31 May 1868 at the “Parc de Saint-Cloud”, in Paris, and was won by the British rider, James Moore. The first city to city race took place on 7 November 1869: Paris-Rouen¹. James Moore, once again the winner, rode 123 kilometres in 10 hours 25 minutes². The organisers’ intention was to promote cycling and to demonstrate that the bicycle enabled considerable distances to be covered. Road cycling has been part of the Olympic Games programme since its first edition in 1896³.

Road race is part of the Olympic programme. The riders start together in a bunch. The courses are of varying distances (approx. 260km for Elite Men in the UCI⁴ World Championships). Road races have several different formats: one-day races from one point to another re.g. Paris-Roubaix or Tour of Flanders) or on a circuit, such as the UCI World Championships or stage races (e.g. Tour de France, Giro d’Italia or Vuelta a Espaa).

Individual time trial is part of the Olympic programme. The individual time trial is raced over 40-50km⁵ (at the UCI World Championships and Olympic Games). The riders set off individually at regular intervals (1-2 minutes). The competitor completing the course in the fastest time is the winner.

The principle for the team time trial is the same as for the individual time trial, but this event is raced by teams of a minimum of 2 riders and a maximum of 10 riders⁶.

From 2019, the team time trial at the UCI Road World Championships will be raced in a mixed relay format reserved for national teams composed of three men and three women from the Elite and Under-23 categories. The event will get under way with the three men, who will then hand over the relay to the three women. The team’s final placing will be calculated based on the time elapsed when the second woman crosses the finish line. Both the men and women will complete one lap of an identical circuit.

正确答案：

人们对公路自行车赛的热情自19世纪末开始不断高涨。大型赛事吸引了全球数千万现场观众和电视观众。

1868年5月31日在巴黎圣克卢公同(Parc de Saint-Cloud)举行的比赛是首场有官方记录的赛事，获奖者为英国车手詹姆斯·穆尔(James Moore)。1869年11月7日的巴黎—鲁昂赛(Paris-Rouen)是首场城际比赛，获胜者仍是詹姆斯·穆尔，以10小时25分完成123千米的比赛。比赛组织者希望借此推广自行车运动，展现自行车能够胜任的距离。公路自行车自1896年首届现代奥林匹克运动会开始即为奥运会比赛项目。

公路赛是奥运会比赛项目。运动员集体发车，赛程长短不一。国际自行车联盟世界锦标赛(UCI World Championships)男子精英组的比赛赛程约为260千米。公路赛以多种形式举办，如巴黎—鲁贝赛(Paris-Roubaix)或环弗兰德斯赛(Tour of Flanders)等单日多地赛、国际自行车联盟世界锦标赛等绕圈赛，以及环法(Tour de France)、环意(Giro d’Italia)、环西(Vuelta a Espaa)等多段赛。

个人计时赛是奥运会比赛项目。国际自行车联盟世界锦标赛和奥运会上的个人计时赛赛程为40～50千米。每位选手以固定间隔发车，间隔时长1～2分钟。完赛时间最短的选手获胜。

团队计时赛规则与个人计时赛相同。以团队为参赛单位，每队至少两名选手，最多10人。

从2019年起，国际自行车联盟世界公路自行车锦标赛的团队计时赛采用国家队混合接力赛的形式。每队男女选手各三名，选自精英组和23岁以下组。接力赛首先在三名男选手间展开，然后将接力棒交给三名女选手。全队最终名次以第二名女队员冲线后的总时长为准。男女选手均须完成一圈完全相同的赛道骑行。

[解析] 1．Paris-Rouen指“巴黎—鲁昂赛”。以起点和终点表示整个比赛的表达方式在体育比赛类英文中很常见，中文标点使用一字线“—”表示地点的起止“从某地到某地”。

2．“ride/run/swim等+距离+in+时间”表示“以……(时间)完赛”。

3．虽然英文原文since its first edition in 1896中“现代”二字没有出现，但中文应予以补译，区别于古代奥林匹克运动会。

4．UCI的全称为Union Cycliste Internationale，即国际自行车联盟。同很多国际组织一样，该联盟最早成立于法国巴黎，名称及缩写均使用法语，为固定用法。

5．“40-50km”的中文表示方法是“40～50千米”，注意中文使用浪纹线“～”表示数值范围。

6．a minimum of 2 riders and a maximum of 10 riders是teams的后置定语，译文将其处理为分句“每队至少两名选手，最多10人”，符合中文表达习惯。

Section Ⅱ Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following passage into English.

1.  作为浙江省的省会城市，杭州是中国历史文化名城¹。距今约5300多年的良渚文化遗址²(位于杭州市余杭区)是中华文明发祥地之一³。

杭州以美丽的山水著称于世。那句有名的谚语“上有天堂，下有苏杭⁴”表达出古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷喜爱。位于杭州西南的西湖，以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多名胜古迹而成为闻名中外的旅游胜地，2011年被正式列入《世界遗产名录》。此外，气势浩荡的钱塘江大潮，每年吸引无数游客。⁵

杭州拥有丰富的历史文化遗迹。⁶南起杭州、北到北京的京杭大运河始建于1631年，全长约1797公里，是世界上最长、最古老的人工水道。⁷2014年6月22日，京杭大运河正式入选《世界遗产名录》。

在世界上，杭州也颇具有知名度⁸。13世纪，意大利著名旅行家马可·波罗(Marco Polo)在游记中赞叹杭州为“世界上最美丽之城”。⁹2011年，杭州曾被美国《纽约时报》评为全球41个旅游城市之一，被联合国评为“国际花园城市”。¹⁰

正确答案：

As the capital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou is a Famous Historical and Cultural City in China. The Archaeological Site of Liangzhu Culture, located in the city’s Yuhang District and dating back to about 5,300 years ago, is one of the cradles of the Chinese civilization.

Hangzhou is world-famous for its beautiful landscape. The famous Chinese saying—”In heaven, paradise; on earth, Suzhou and Hangzhou”—highlights people’s sincere love for the beautiful city since ancient times. The West Lake in its southwest has been a tourist attraction renowned both at home and abroad for its picturesque scenery and numerous historical sites. In 2011, it was officially inscribed on the World Heritage List. Besides, the spectacular tidal bore of the Qiantang River also attracts countless tourists every year.

Hangzhou boasts abundant historical sites and cultural relics. The Grand Canal, built in 1631, extending some 1,797 kilometers from Hangzhou northward to Beijing, is the longest and oldest artificial waterway in the world. On June 22, 2014, it was officially included on the World Heritage List.

Hangzhou is also fairly well-known in the world. It is acclaimed by Marco Polo, the famous 13th-century Italian traveler, as “the most beautiful city in the world” in his travelogue. In 2011, Hangzhou was named one of the world’s 41 top tourist destinations by The New York Times in the U.S. and “International Garden City” by the United Nations.

[解析] 1．“历史文化名城”宜译为Famous Historical and Cultural City。此处需注意两个易错点：一是注意historic和historical的区别，historic的意思是“历史性的”(important in history)，而historical的意思是“与历史有关的”(related to history)，两者容易混淆；二是英文译名的首字母宜大写，这样处理可以突出“历史文化名城”是一个专有名词。

2．良渚文化遗址为联合国教科文组织认定的“世界文化遗产”，联合国教科文组织采用的译法为the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City。

3．“中华文明发祥地”可译为cradle/birthplace of the Chinese civilization。

4．CATTI笔译实务考试常常会考查谚语的翻译，而谚语往往言简意赅，翻译起来难度较大。鉴于考试时间有限，只要做到理解正确、大意无偏差即可，这是最低要求。但在平时的翻译实践中，则应力争做到达意精准，同时具备谚语的风格。“上有天堂，下有苏杭”的意思不难理解，大多数考生应该都能翻译出来，但是往往会比较啰唆，参考译文的处理方式值得借鉴。

5．汉语喜用四字格。本段的原文就使用了不少，如“湖光山色”“名胜古迹”“闻名中外”“气势浩荡”等。翻译四字短语时，不必拘泥于短语的形式，而应专注于将原文的含义表达出来。

6．“某地拥有某资源”这一句式在翻译时，常常可以把“拥有”翻译成boast或be blessed/endowed with。需要注意的是，boast的宾语往往涉及人的因素，而be blessed/endowed with则往往用于自然禀赋或者非具象的事物。杭州拥有丰富的历史文化遗迹，肯定涉及人的因素，所以此处用boast更为妥帖。

7．在翻译本段第二句时，可根据信息的重要程度对句子的组成要素进行排序，在此基础上组织译文。本句的核心信息是：京杭大运河是最长、最古老的人工水道。其他部分，如年代、起止城市、长度均为修饰成分或附加信息，可以根据情况处理成独立结构，并根据人的思维习惯、连贯性的需要等对其重新排序。京杭大运河是历史文化遗迹，先交代建造时间(built in 1631)能更好地呼应前一句，紧接着交代其长度和起止城市符合人的思维习惯。

8．“知名度”对应的英文单词是fame或reputation等。“具有知名度”可以处理成系表结构(be well-known)，也可以处理成动宾结构(have/enjoy great fame/reputation)。“颇”是程度副词，可以用fairly、