泽熙美文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Para. 1 The rocky shorelines, shifting deserts and winding canyons of the country’s 59 national parks have been hallmarks of American vacations for generations.
Para. 2 But the number of park visitors has reached an unprecedented level, leaving many tourists frustrated and many environmentalists concerned about the toll of overcrowding.
Para. 3 ①Zion is among the most visited parks in the system and is particularly prone to crowding because many of its most popular sites sit in a narrow six-mile canyon. ②So tiffs year, park managers announced they were considering a first for any national park: requiring reservations for entry.
Para. 4 ①”We don’t have a choice,” said Jack Burns, who has worked in Zion since 1982. ②”We have to do something. ③If this going to remain a place of special importance for generations, we have to do something now.”
Para. 5 ①The National Park Service was created in 1916 to protect the country’s growing system of parks and monuments. ②Its mandate is to conserve scenery and wildlife while also protecting visitor enjoyment for generations to come. ③For years, the lack of a reservation system for park entry aligned with the service’s ethos of democracy and discovery: Anyone could come, pretty much anytime.
Para. 6 ①But lately, both visitors and nature are suffering. ②Mr. Burns, who is on a team that is considering a reservation system, said some people showed up for a vacation they had planned for months, spent a day in the gridlock and turned around. ③Rangers, stressed by the frustrated masses, have started a monthly meeting to discuss “visitor use” that some say has turned into a group-therapy session.
Para. 7 ①And Zion’s delicate desert ecosystem has been battered by tourists, some of whom wash diapers in the Virgin River, scratch their names into boulders and fly drone cameras through once quiet skies. ②The park has about 25 miles of developed trails. ③But over time, rangers have mapped about 600 miles of visitor-made paths, which damage vegetation and soil and take a toll on wildlife.
Para. 8 ①The story is similar at parks from Yosemite in California to Acadia in Maine. ②And the crowding problem comes as the system faces the dual threat of a funding shortage and climate change.
Para. 9 This summer, administrators at Zion submitted three proposed visitor plans to the public.
Para. 10 ①One option would require people to make an online reservation before arrival, and would set a yet-to-be-specified limit on visitors. ②The second option would require reservations only for certain areas. ③The third option would be to make no changes.
Para. 11 ①About 1,600 people sent in comments, and the park plans to send out a revised round of proposals for public review. ②Superintendent Jeff Bradybaugh will make the final decision.
Para. 12 Some have expressed opposition to the reservation idea, including a group that founded the website stopzionreservations.org.
Para. 13 ①Mr. Burns said he favored a reservation policy. ②He recalled the days when he would jump in a ear and pull up to parks across the West with no plans.
Para. 14 ①”There is only one Zion National Park,” he said to those struggling to see a need for limiting access. ②”And it’s sacred. ③Its beauty is sacred.”
正确答案：
第一段 59个国家公园岩石林立的海岸线、不断移动的沙丘和曲折蜿蜒的峡谷，一直是几代美国人心中的特色旅游景点。
第二段 但公园游客的数量已经达到了前所未有的水平，这使得许多游客感到沮丧，也让许多环保主义者担忧过度拥挤所要付出的代价。
第三段 ①锡安国家公园(Zion)是接待游客人数最多的国家公园之一。由于许多最受欢迎的景点都坐落在一条六英里长的狭窄峡谷中，锡安很容易出现拥堵的情况。②因此，今年公园管理员宣布，他们正在考虑实施入园预约措施，这是国家公园从未采取过的。
第四段 ①自1982年以来一直在锡安工作的杰克·伯恩斯(Jack Burns)说，“我们别无选择。②我们必须做点什么。③如果想保住这里对世代美国人的特殊意义，我们现在就必须有所行动。”
第五段 ①于1916年成立的美国国家公园管理局(National Park Service)旨在保护国家不断发展的公园和纪念区系统。②它的使命是保护风光景色和野生动物，保证一代又一代的人有良好的旅游体验。③多年来，公园没有设置预约系统，这与其民主和探索的精神相符，即任何人都可以来参观，几乎任何时候都可以来。
第六段 ①但最近，游客和大自然都在遭受折磨。②伯恩斯先生所在的团队正在考虑推出预订系统。他说，有些前来度假的游客已经为旅行计划多月，来的那天却在交通堵塞中度过，然后败兴而归。③面对失望沮丧的人潮，管理员们举行月度例会，讨论“游客使用”的问题，有人说这场会议已然是一场集体的心理治疗。
第七段 ①此外，锡安脆弱的荒漠生态系统也遭到了游客的破坏。一些游客在维尔京河(Virgin River)洗尿布，把名字刻在巨石上，无人摄像机飞来飞去，打破天空昔日的宁静。②公园里已开发的步道总约25英里长。③但随着时间的推移，管理员在地图上标记出了几条游客自行开辟的道路，总长大约600英里。它们破坏了植被和土壤，对野生动物造成了伤害。
第八段 ①从加州(California)的约塞米蒂国家公园(Yosemite)到缅因州(Maine)的阿卡迪亚公园(Acadia)，类似的情况不断上演。②除了客流量过大的问题，美国国家公园还面临着资金短缺和气候变化的双重威胁。
第九段 今年夏天，锡安的管理人员向公众提交了三份游客管理方案。
第十段 ①一是要求游客在来园前要在线预约，并设置访客数量限制，具体数值还有待确定。②二是只有特定景区需要预约。③三是不做出任何改变。
第十一段 ①大约有1600人提交了意见，公园计划提交一轮修改后的方案供公众审查。②锡安国家公园负责人杰夫·布雷迪博(Jeff Bradybaugh)将做出最后决定。
第十二段 一些人反对在线预约的举措，其中一个组织还创建了“阻止锡安预约”的网站(stopzionreservations.org)。
第十三段 ①伯恩斯先生说他支持预约政策。②他回想起从前，那时他可以随性地跳上汽车，来一场说走就走的美国西部国家公园之旅。
第十四段 ①他对那些认为没必要限制客流量的人说，“锡安国家公园只有一个。②它是神圣的。③它的美是神圣的。”
[解析] 1．第二段toll为多义词，可指“通行费”“钟声”“代价”。文中是指过度拥挤可能对环境造成破坏，故the toll of overcrowding可译作“过度拥挤所要付出的代价”。
2．第三段①句in the system，若仅停留在字面表层意思直译为“在系统中”，会显得生硬，若将system“美国59个国家公园”的含义表达出来，译文会更加流畅。
3．第三段①句prone to为固定搭配，意为likely to suffer from something or to do something bad“有遭受某事或做坏事的倾向”。此处可译为“很容易……”。
4．第三段②句a first for为固定搭配，直译为“……的第一次”，可将名词first“首次”转译作形容词“从未有过的”。
5．第六段②句who引导的非限定性定语从句补充说明主语Mr. Bums，但由于considering a reservation system“考虑推出预订系统”的主语为a team，在翻译时可将这部分拆分出来，独立成句，避免主语混乱的情况。
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following passage into English.
1. 第一段 ①南京，她有层出不穷的风流人物，和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。②大都会特有的凝聚力，吸引了无数风云人物、仁人志士在这里角逐争雄。③他们是中华民族的优秀儿女，巍巍钟山、滚滚长江养育了他们，为他们提供了施展抱负的舞台，他们也以自己的雄才大略、聪明智慧为中华民族的灿烂文明增添了流光溢彩的新篇章。
第二段 ④南京，她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加使人欢欣鼓舞。⑤人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古老南京装扮得面貌一新。⑥特别在过去几十年来，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工业、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多姿的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代都市焕发出勃勃英姿。⑦孙中山先生所预言的：“南京将来之发展未可限量也”，正在逐步成为现实。
正确答案：
①Nanjing has witnessed the continuous emergence of many distinguished talents and monumental achievements shining through the ages. ②Attracted by her special appeal, many powerful figures of times and noble persons actuated by high ideals had frequented this metropolis and contended for the lead. ③They were nurtured by Nanjing, where the towering Purple Mountain is and the choppy Yangtze River goes through. They were provided opportunities for realizing aspirations by Nanjing. Thus, with genius, vision and sagacity, these brightest sons and daughters of the nation made spectacular contributions to the resplendent Chinese civilization.
④Nanjing’s tremendous changes since New China was founded are even more inspiring. ⑤The citizens have been working hard to give this age-old city a new appearance. ⑥Especially for the past few decades, the country’s reform and opening-up policy has infused new vigor into this beautiful and famous city. Newly built industries, an efficient transportation network extending in all directions, picturesque urban construction, the booming tertiary industry, and colorful cultural life add charm and vitality to this modern metropolis, which retains somehow the ambiance and features of an ancient capital. ⑦The prophecy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, father of modern China, that “Nanjing will have a future that knows no bounds” is becoming true.
[解析] 1．①句翻译难点“风流人物”和“彪炳千秋”，分别译为
