泽熙美文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Para. 1 ①Suicide fascinates us. ②It is at once appalling and yet, in the darkest places in our minds, appealing. ③It is the most damaging sort of death. ④A child’s suicide is a parent’s worst nightmare, and a parent’s marks their children for life. ⑤It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure: if society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.
Para. 2 ①The suicide rate in America is up by 18%. ②The rise is largely among white, middle-aged, poorly educated men in areas that were left behind by booms and crushed by busts. ③Nonetheless, beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is down by 29%. ④The decline is particularly notable among three sets of people.
Para. 3 ①One is young women in India. ②In most of the world, older people kill themselves more often than the young, and men more than women. ③But in India, young women have been unusually prone to suicide. ④That is decreasingly the case. ⑤Another group is middle-aged men in Russia. ⑥After the collapse of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. ⑦Both have now receded. ⑧A third category is old people all around the world. ⑨The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster than among other groups.
Para. 4 ①Why are these people now less likely to take their own lives? ②Urbanization and greater freedom have helped. ③As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loosens, women have more choice about whom they marry or live with, making life more bearable. ④Leaving the village helps in another way, too. ⑤Because farming involves killing things, rural folk are likelier to have the means to kill themselves—guns, pesticides—to hand.
Para. 5 ①Social stability is also a factor. ②In the turbulence that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union, many middle-aged people saw their sources of income and status collapse. ③As crises recede and employment rises, so suicide tends to ebb. ④And falling poverty rates among the old, which have declined faster than among other groups globally, are reckoned to have contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
Para. 6 ①But the decline is not just the consequence of big social trends. ②Policy plays a role, too. ③Active labour-market policies, which help re-train jobless workers and ease them back into work, prevent many suicides. ④And spending on health services, especially those that most benefit the old and sick, can make a big difference: fear of chronic pain is one of the things that leads people to seek a quick way out.
Para. 7 ①For a few people—those who terminally ill, in severe pain and determined to die—suicide may be the least terrible option. ②In such circumstances, and with firm safeguards, doctors should be allowed to assist. ③But many of the 800,000 people who kill themselves each year act in haste, and more could be saved with better health services, labour-market policies and curbs on booze, guns, pesticide and pills. ④America, in particular, could spare much pain by learning from the progress elsewhere.
正确答案：
第一段 ①自杀令我们着迷。②它令人震惊，但在人性深处最黑暗的地方，它又极具吸引力。③它是最具破坏性的死亡形式。④孩子的自杀是父母最可怕的噩梦，父母自杀的阴影伴随孩子的一生。⑤自杀体现的不仅仅是个人的痛苦，也是集体的失败。如果在社会生活太痛苦，也许我们每个人都需要承担责任。
第二段 ①美国的自杀率上升了18%。②导致上升的主要群体是受教育程度不高的中年白人男性，他们没能赶上经济繁荣的时期，在经济不景气时却猛受打击。③美国自杀问题呈消极趋势，但其他地区却是一幅更为积极的景象：在全球范围内，自杀率下降了29%。④这一下降态势在三类人群中尤为明显。
第三段 ①一是印度的年轻女性。②在世界上的大多数地方，老年人自杀率高于年轻人，男性自杀率高于女性。③但是在印度，年轻女性有严重的自杀倾向，④不过这种情况正在逐渐好转。⑤第二类人群是俄罗斯的中年男性。⑥苏联解体后，他们酗酒和自杀的比例激增，⑦现在两者都有所减少。⑧第三类人群是世界各地的老年人。⑨老年人的平均自杀率高于其他人群，但其下降速度也更快。
第四段 ①为什么这三类人群的自杀率都下降了?②这在于城市化的发展和自由度的提升。③随着人们移居城市，逐渐摆脱传统观念的束缚，女性在决定结婚或同居对象方面有了更大的选择权，这让她们更能够承受起生活的压力。④离开农村也能降低自杀率。⑤因为农耕会涉及杀生，农民更有可能用枪支和杀虫剂这些触手可及的工具来结束自己的生命。
第五段 ①社会稳定也是其中一个原因。②苏联解体后社会动荡，许多俄罗斯中年人的收入骤减、社会地位骤降。③随着危机逐步消除、就业率上升，自杀人数也趋于减少。④与全球其他群体相比，老年人贫困率下降的速度更快，这也被认为是老年人自杀率下降的原因之一。
第六段 ①但自杀率的下降不仅仅是社会发展的结果，②政策也发挥了作用。③积极的劳动力市场政策帮助失业工人再培训，让他们逐步回到就业岗位，这一举措预防了许多自杀事件。④另外，政府增加医疗服务的支出，特别是对老人和病人有益的医疗服务，这对降低自杀率有很大的帮助，因为对慢性疼痛的恐惧是导致人们想逃避痛苦、结束生命的原因之一。
第七段 ①对于那些身惠绝症、极度痛苦且一心求死的少数人，自杀可能是最好的选择。②在这种情况下，应允许医生在有严格保障的前提下提供协助。③但在每年自杀的80万人当中，许多人匆忙地结束自己的生命，更多的人本来可以挽回生命，只要有更完善的医疗服务、更好的劳动力市场政策以及对酒精、枪支、杀虫剂和药物的限制。④美国特别需要从中吸取教训，从而减轻自杀带来的许多痛苦。
[解析] 1．第二段②句的booms和busts指的是经济繁荣和经济不景气。…men in areas that were left behind by booms and crushed by busts直译为“他们住在被经济繁荣抛在后面、受经济不景气重击的地区”，这里可以将其原文表达的意思提取出来，不必拘泥于原文，译作“他们没能赶上经济繁荣的时期，在经济不景气时却猛受打击”。
2．第四段⑤句to hand为固定搭配，意为immediately available or easily accessible“立即可用或容易获得”。结合语境，此处可译作“触手可及的”。
3．第五段④句be reckoned to为固定搭配，意为to be generally considered to be something“被普遍认为是某物”，故此处可译作“被认为是”。
4．第七段①句terminally可指“极度地”“致命地”等，根据本文语境，terminally与ill搭配，因此取第二个义项更为合适，此处直译为“致命地病了”，可以稍加变化，将terminally ill转换为“形容词+名词”的结构，译作“(身患)绝症”。
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following passage into English.
1. 第一段 ①近年来，全球气候变暖，北极冰雪融化加速。②在经济全球化、区域一体化不断深入发展的背景下，北极在战略、经济、科研、环保、航道、资源等方面的价值不断提升，受到国际社会的普遍关注。③北极问题已超出北极国家间问题和区域问题的范畴，涉及北极域外国家的利益和国际社会的整体利益，攸关人类生存与发展的共同命运，具有全球意义和国际影响。
第二段 ④中国是北极事务的重要利益攸关方。⑤中国在地缘上是“近北极国家”，是陆上最接近北极圈的国家之一。⑥北极的自然状况及其变化对中国的气候系统和生态环境有着直接的影响，进而关系到中国在农业、林业、渔业、海洋等领域的经济利益。⑦同时，中国与北极的跨区域和全球性问题息息相关，特别是北极的气候变化、环境、科研、航道利用、资源勘探与开发、安全、国际治理等问题，关系到世界各国和人类的共同生存与发展，与包括中国在内的北极域外国家的利益密不可分。
正确答案：
①Global warming in recent years has accelerated the melting of ice and snow in the Arctic region. ②As economic globalization and regional integration further develops and deepens, the Arctic is gaining global significance for its rising strategic, economic value and its increasing importance in scientific research, environmental protection, sea passages, and natural resources. ③The Arctic situation now goes beyond its original inter-Arctic States or regional nature, having a vital bearing on the interests of States outside the region and the interests of the international community as a whole, as well as on the survival, the development, and the shared future for mankind. It is an issue with global implications and international impacts.
④China is an important stakeholder in Arctic affairs. ⑤Geographically, China is a “Near-Arctic State”, one of the continental States that are closest to the Arctic Circle. ⑥The natural conditions of the Arctic and their changes have a direct impact on China’s climate system and ecological environment, and, in turn, on its economic interests in agriculture, forestry, fishery, marine industry and other sectors. ⑦China is also closely involved in the trans-regional and global issues in the Arctic, especially in such areas as climate change, environment, scientific research, utilization of shipping routes, resource exploration and exploitation, security, and global governance. These issues are vital to the existence and development of all countries and humanity, and directly affect the interests of non-Arctic States including China.
[解析] 1．②句“在……背景下”用as引导的从句带出即可。“在战略……提升”除了译文的处理方法，还可以用value in统一带出，译为for its rising values in strategy, economy, scientific research, environmental protection, sea passages, and natural resources。
2．③句“涉及……利益”是动词结构，而前面的“已超出”也是动词结构，这里可以将“已超出”作为谓语，而用状语having a vital bearing on
