泽熙美文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Para. 1 ①Today’s trade tensions are compounding a shift that has been under way since the financial crisis in 2008. ②Cross-border investment, trade, bank loans and supply chains have all been shrinking or stagnating relative to world GDP. ③Globalization has given way to a new era of sluggishness. ④Adapting a term coined by a Dutch writer, we call it “slowbalization”.
Para. 2 ①Globalization has slowed from light speed to a snail’s pace in the past decade for several reasons. ②The cost of moving goods has stopped falling. ③Multinational firms have found that global sprawl burns money and that local rivals often eat them alive. ④Activity is shifting towards services, which are harder to sell across borders: scissors can be exported in 20ft-containers, hair stylists cannot.
Para. 3 ①The new world will work differently. ②Slowbalization will lead to deeper links within regional blocs. ③Supply chains in North America, Europe and Asia are sourcing more from closer to home. ④In Asia and Europe most trade is already intra-regional, and the share has risen. ⑤Last year, Asian firms made more foreign sales within Asia than in America. ⑥As global rules decay, a fluid patchwork of regional deals and spheres of influence is asserting control over trade and investment.
Para. 4 ①Fortunately, this need not be a disaster for living standards. ②Continental-sized markets are large enough to prosper. ③Some 1.2bn people have been lifted out of extreme poverty, and there is no reason to think that the proportion of paupers will rise again. ④Western consumers will continue to reap large net benefits from trade. ⑤In some cases, deeper integration will take place at a regional level than could have happened at a global one.
Para. 5 ①Yet slowbalization has two big disadvantages. ②First, it creates new difficulties. ③In the past ten years most emerging countries were able to close some of the gap with developed ones. ④Now more will struggle to trade their way to riches. ⑤And there is a tension between a more regional trading pattern and a global financial system in which Wall Street and the Federal Reserve set the pulse for markets everywhere. ⑥Most countries’ interest rates will still be affected by America’s even as their trade patterns become less linked to it, leading to financial turbulence. ⑦The Fed is less likely to rescue foreigners by acting as a global lender of last resort, as it did a decade ago.
Para. 6 ①Second, slowbalization will not fix the problems that globalization created. ②Automation means there will be no renaissance of blue-collar jobs in the West. ③Firms will hire unskilled workers in the cheapest places in each region. ④Climate change, migration and tax-dodging will be even harder to solve without global co-operation.
Para. 7 ①Globalization made the world a better place for almost everyone. ②But too little was done to mitigate its costs. ③The integrated world’s neglected problems have now grown in the eyes of the public to the point where the benefits of the global order are easily forgotten. ④Yet the solution on offer is not really a fix at all. ⑤Slowbalization will be meaner and less stable than its predecessor. ⑥In the end it will only feed the discontent.
正确答案：
第一段 ①如今贸易的紧张局势加速了自2008年金融危机以来的经济转变。②相对全球国内生产总值而言，跨境投资和贸易、银行贷款和供应链都处于萎缩或停滞状态。③全球化时代俨然被新的经济萧条时代所取代。④借用一位荷兰作家创造的术语，我们将其称为“全球化放缓”(slowbalization)。
第二段 ①过去十年，全球化发展从光速骤降至蜗速，这其中包含多个原因。②运输货物的成本已经停止下降。③跨国公司发现，全球扩张十分烧钱，而本土竞争者往往会将其彻底击垮。④贸易活动正转向服务领域，而跨国提供服务难度更大。就像剪刀可以装在20英尺的集装箱出口，但不能如此容易就出口发型师。
第三段 ①新世界将以不同的方式运转。②全球化放缓将使得区域集团内部联系更为紧密。③北关、欧洲和亚洲的供应链越来越多地就近采购产品。④在亚洲和欧洲进行的贸易，大部分为区域内贸易，其贸易份额已经上升。⑤去年，亚洲公司对亚洲国家的出口额超过对美洲的出口额。⑥随着全球规则约束力的减弱，地区性贸易和区域势力形成灵活的体系，正在加强对贸易和投资的控制。
第四段 ①所幸的是，大众生活水平不会受到多大影响。②巨大的洲内市场足够促进经济的繁荣。③目前约有12亿人摆脱了极度贫困，没有理由认为贫困人口比例会再次上升。④西方消费者将继续从贸易中获得巨大的净收益。⑤在某些情况下，本可能发生在全球范围的经济深度融合现在更可能发生在区域内部。
第五段 ①然而，全球化放缓有两大弊端。②第一，它产生了新的难题。③在过去十年里，大多数新兴国家能够缩小与发达国家之间的差距。④现在，更多的新兴国家发现，贸易致富的路上困难重重。⑤而且，区域性贸易模式与全球金融体系容易产生摩擦。在全球金融体系中，华尔街(Wall Street)和关联储(Federal Reserve)掌握了全球市场的命脉。⑥即使大多数国家的贸易模式与美国的联系越来越少，他们的利率仍会受到美国利率的影响，这会导致金融动荡。⑦现在，美联储不太可能像十年前那样充当全球最后的救星来拯救其他国家。
第六段 ①第二，全球化放缓不会解决全球化带来的问题。②西方因自动化被淘汰的蓝领工作岗位不会再度出现。③企业将在每个地区人工成本最低的地方雇佣没有专门技能的工人。④没有全球合作，气候变化、移民和逃税问题将更难解决。
第七段 ①全球化让世界变得更美好，②但却很少有措施来减少全球化的代价。③经济一体化中的问题被世界忽略，现在已经加剧发展起来，问题大到使各国开始忽略全球秩序的益处。④而现有的解决方案并不能真正解决问题。⑤相比全球化发展，全球化放缓这一模式格局更小，也更不稳定。⑥最终它只会助长不满情绪。
[解析] 1．第一段①句under way为固定搭配，意思是having started“已经开始”。因此，此处has been under way since…可简洁地译为“自……以来”。
2．第二段③句eat sb. alive为固定搭配，意思是to defeat somebody completely in an argument, a competition, etc. “在辩论、比赛等中彻底击败某人”。根据本文语境，该段提及在全球化过程中，跨国公司会面临本地竞争对手。因此，此处可译为“将……彻底击垮”。
3．第三段⑥句As global rules decay直译为“随着全球规则的衰落”。但由于“规则”与“衰落”并不搭配，在翻译时应对原文意思进行提炼，将其译作“随着全球规则约束力减弱”更为合适。
4．第七段④句on offer为固定搭配，意思是that can be bought, used, etc. “可以买、用等等”。此处可译作“现有的”。
5．第七段⑤句predecessor意思是“前任”，原文指的是“经济全球化”，为了与Slowbalization有更明显的对比，在翻译时可将其译为“全球化发展”。
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following passage into English.
1. 第一段 ①中越两国人民毗邻而居，自古便有互通互鉴之情。②进入新时期，在推进改革和革新以及社会主义建设事业中，两国人民相互借鉴、携手并进。③我们共同探索符合本国国情的社会主义发展道路，创造出各自的发展奇迹，也推动两国关系得到长足发展。④两国政治互信日益牢固，高层往来更加频密。
第二段 ⑤两国务实合作深入拓展。⑥中国连续13年保持越南第一大贸易伙伴地位，越南成为东盟国家中中国最大贸易伙伴，去年双边贸易额近1,000亿美元。⑦越来越多的中国企业到越南投资兴业。⑧天虹集团在越南经营十几年，在广宁省兴建的工厂为当地创造了7,000多个就业岗位，也是省内纳税大户。
第三段 ⑨两国人文交流更加密切。⑩中国是越南第一大外国游客来源地，岘港、芽庄等旅游城市随处可见中国游客。每周往返于两国之间的客运航班有300多趟。中国的《三国演义》《水浒传》等经典名著在越南备受推崇，当代影视作品也深受越南民众喜爱。
正确答案：
①As close neighbors, Chinese and Vietnamese have engaged in exchange and mutual learning since ancient times. ②In the new era, our two peoples have worked closely to pursue reform and renewal, and advance the cause of socialism. ③We have explored socialist development paths suited to our own national conditions, created miracles in our respective development, and achieved marked progress in our bilateral ties. ④The two countries now enjoy deeper political mutual trust and closer high-level exchange.
⑤The two countries have deepened and broadened practical cooperation. ⑥China has been Vietnam’s biggest trading partner for 13 years in a row, and Vietnam has become China’s biggest trading partner among ASEAN countries. Bilateral trade reached nearly 100 billion U.S. dollars last year. ⑦More and more Chinese companies are investing in Vietnam. ⑧For example, as a Chinese company running in Vietnam for over 10 years, Texhong Textile Group has created over 7,000 jobs in Quang Ninh through its local plants and contributed significantly to local tax revenues.
⑨The two countries have increased people-to-people exchange. ⑩China has been Vietnam’s largest source of foreign tourists, for whom Da Nang and Nha Trang are among the most popular destinations. There are over 300 passenger flights between the two countries every week. Not only Chinese literature classics such as The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Water Margin but also contemporary Chinese movies and TV series have a large fan base in Vietnam.
