泽熙美文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Para. 1 When the world looks at the United States, it sees a land of exceptions: a time-tested if noisy democracy, a crusader in foreign policy, an exporter of beloved music and film.
Para. 2 ①But there is one quirk that consistently puzzles America’s fans and critics alike. ②Why, they ask, does it experience so many mass shootings?
Para. 3 ①Perhaps, some speculate, it is because American society is unusually violent. ②Or its racial divisions have frayed the bonds of society. ③Or its citizens lack proper mental care under a health care system that draws frequent derision abroad.
Para. 4 ①These explanations share one thing in common: Though seemingly sensible, all have been debunked by research on shootings elsewhere in the world. ②Instead, an ever-growing body of research consistently reaches the same conclusion.
Para. 5 The only variable that can explain the high rate of mass shootings in America is its astronomical number of guns.
Para. 6 The top-line numbers suggest a correlation that, on further investigation, grows only clearer.
Para. 7 ①Americans make up about 4.4 percent of the global population but own 42 percent of the world’s guns. ②In the past decade, 31 percent of the gunmen in mass shootings worldwide were American, according to a study by Adam Lankford, a professor at the University of Alabama.
Para. 8 ①Worldwide, Lankford found, a country’s rate of gun ownership correlated with the odds it would experience a mass shooting. ②This relationship held even when he excluded the United States.
Para. 9 The United States also has some of the world’s weakest controls over who may buy a gun and what sorts of guns may be owned.
Para. 10 ①Switzerland has the second-highest gun ownership rate of any developed country, about half that of the United States. ②Its gun homicide rate last year was 7.7 per million people—unusually high, in keeping with the relationship between gun ownership and murders, but still a fraction of the rate in the United States.
Para. 11 The United States is one of only three countries, along with Mexico and Guatemala, that begin with the opposite assumption: that people have an inherent right to own guns.
Para. 12 The main reason U.S. regulation of gun ownership is so weak may be the fact that the trade-offs are simply given a different weight in the United States than they are anywhere else.
Para. 13 ①After Britain had a mass shooting in 1987, the country instituted strict gun control laws. ②So did Australia after a 1996 incident. ③But the United States has repeatedly faced the same calculus and determined that relatively unregulated gun ownership is worth the cost to society.
Para. 14 That choice, more than any statistic or regulation, is what most sets the United States apart.
Para. 15 ①”In retrospect Sandy Hook marked the end of the US gun control debate,” Dan Hodges, a British journalist, wrote in a post on Twitter two years ago, referring to the attack that killed 20 young students at an elementary school in Connecticut. ②”Once America decided killing children was bearable, it was over.”
正确答案：
第一段当世界看向美国，会看到这是一个别致的国家。它的民主制度久经考验(尽管民主环境有些嘈杂喧闹)，外交政策坚决有力，出口的音乐和电影深受全球喜爱。
第二段 ①但是有件奇怪的事一直困扰着美国的拥护者和批评者，②那就是为什么美国会有如此多的大规模枪击事件?
第三段 ①一些人猜想，这可能是因为美国社会异常暴力，②或其种族隔离导致社会分裂，③或在一个频遭外国人嘲讽的医疗体系内，其公民缺乏良好的心理健康服务。
第四段 ①这些解释有一点共同之处：虽然看似合理，但都被世界其他枪击案件的研究结果推翻了。②而越来越多的研究不断得出相同的结论。
第五段 唯一能解释美国大规模枪击案高发率的变量是其天文数字般的枪支数量。
第六段 初步调查得到的数据表明其中存在相关关系，这种相关性在进一步调查后变得更加明显。
第七段 ①仅占全球人口约4.4%的美国竞拥有全世界42%的枪支。②据亚拉巴马大学(University of Alabama)教授亚当·兰克福德(Adam Lankford)的一项研究显示，过去10年全球发生的大规模枪击案中，31%的凶手是美国人。
第八段 ①兰克福德发现，在世界范围内，一个国家公民的枪支拥有率与该国发生大规模枪击事件的几率相关。②即使将美国排除在外，这一关系仍然成立。
第九段 美国还是世界上对购枪者身份核查和购买枪支种类管控最松的国家。
第十段 ①瑞士是发达国家中公民枪支拥有率第二高的国家，大约是美国的一半。②去年，瑞士的持枪谋杀率为百万分之七点七，这一数据已异常之高，虽然比例符合枪支持有率与谋杀率的关系，但仍远低于美国的。
第十一段 只有墨西哥、危地马拉(Guatemala)和美国这三个国家认为持有枪支是人与生俱来的权利，这一观点与其他国家所持立场截然相反。
第十二段 关国对枪支所有权的监管如此薄弱的主要原因可能是在于，美国在权衡持枪利弊上，与其他地方都不同。
第十三段 ①英国在1987年发生大规模枪击事件后开始施行严格的枪支管制法律。②澳大利亚在经历了1996年的事件之后也是如此。③尽管美国一再面临同样的问题，但它坚持认为社会为相对宽松的枪支管制制度所付出代价是值得的。
第十四段 这一选择，比任何统计数据和法规更使得美国与众不同。
第十五段 ①两年前英国记者丹·霍奇斯(Dan Hodges)在推特上发帖，他提到康涅狄格州(Connecticut)桑迪·胡克小学(Sandy Hook)遭袭、20名小学生遇难的事件时说：“回想起来，这起事件标志着美国枪支管制争论已经结束。②一旦美国觉得连杀戮儿童都可以接受的话，谈论枪支管控就没有任何意义了。”
[解析] 1．第一段noisy意思为“嘈杂的”。noisy democracy直译为“嘈杂的民主”，指的是在民主制度下，有很多事发生，有很多言论，驳杂喧哗，这里a noisy democracy可处理成“民主环境嘈杂喧闹”。
2．第七段①句make up为固定搭配，意思是to form something“组成某物”。因此，此处make up about 4.4 percent of the global population译为“占全球人口约4.4%”。
3．第七段②句略长，其中according to后面的内容介绍了研究人员的背景，在翻译时可将这部分提前，使译文更加紧凑。
4．第十一段的begin with the opposite assumption若直译为“从相反的假设开始的”，会显得生硬，在翻译时可对其意思进行解释说明，译为“持与其他国家截然相反的观点”。
5．第十二段weight为多义词，可指“重量”“砝码”“权重”等。根据本文语境the trade-offs are simply given a different weight“持枪的利弊被赋予不一样的……”，故此处weight取“权重”的意思，翻译时可以将其转化成动词，译作“权衡”。the trade-offs are simply given a different weight可译作“美国在权衡持枪利弊上做法不同”
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following passage into English.
1. ①40年来中国经济持续快速增长靠的是改革，今后中国将以更大力度推进改革。②我们对全面深化改革已作出总体部署，其中一个重要方面是要努力打造国际一流的营商环境。③我们将加快转变政府职能，降低制度性交易成本，激发市场活力和社会创造力。④同时，着力减轻市场主体负担，今年我们将在过去五年减税降费3万多亿元人民币的基础上，继续加大减税降费力度。⑤我们将进一步扩大开放。⑥不仅在商品领域扩大开放，实施更加积极的进口政策，降低汽车、部分药品和日用消费品进口关税，而且要在服务领域扩大开放，加大知识产权保护力度，打造内外资企业一视同仁、公平竞争的市场环境。⑦不仅鼓励外国企业赴华投资，也鼓励有信誉、有实力的中国企业有序开展境外投资，实现互利共赢。
正确答案：
①Reform has been a key contributor to the sustained and rapid growth of my country over the past four decades. Looking forward, China will make even greater efforts to see the reform through. ②We have drawn up an overarching plan on comprehensively deepening reform. One priority is to foster a world-class business environment. ③We will transform government functions at a faster pace, reduce government-imposed transaction cost, and work to unlock market vitality and public creativity. ④To ease the burden on market entities, this year, we will further slash taxes and fees following the over-3-trillion-yuan cuts in the past five years. ⑤⑥We will pursue greater opening up in both goods and services. We will implement more proactive import policies and lower import tariffs on automobiles, certain drugs and everyday consumer goods. We will strengthen IPR protection, and render the same treatment and foster a level playing field for Chinese and foreign enterprises. ⑦We welcome foreign investment in China and encourage well-established Chinese businesses to invest overseas in an orderly way for win-win outcomes.
[解析] 1．①句中“40年来中国经济持续快速增长靠的是改革”，可以按照原文结构处理成In the past four decades, China’s sustained and rapid growth largely depends on reform，也可以选择“改革”为主语，同时将动词“靠的是”转化为名词，译作Reform has been a key contributor to the sustained and rapid growth of China over the past four decades。
2．③句中“我们将加快转变政府职能”，可以按照原文结构处理成we will accelerate the transforming of government functions，也可以将动词“加快”转化为状语，理解为“我们将以更快的速度转变政府职能”，译作we will transform government functions at a faster pace。
