泽熙美文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Para. 1 ①Men are tough; women are in touch with their feelings. ②Men are providers; women are nurturers. ③Men should punch back when provoked; women should be physically attractive.
Para. 2 ①These stereotypical beliefs about gender differences remain strong, found a new survey from the Pew Research Center on Tuesday. ②Even in an era of transgender rights, a surge of women running for office and a rising number of stay-at-home fathers, most Americans believe men and women are fundamentally different, and that masculinity is more valued than femininity.
Para. 3 The workplace is the one area in which a majority of men and women said the sexes were more alike than different in terms of what they were good at: 63 percent of respondents said men and women excelled at the same things at work, while 37 percent said they were good at different things.
Para. 4 ①The survey results also shed light on some root causes of sexual harassment and discrimination. ②Nearly half of men, and 57 percent of men ages 18 to 36, said they felt pressure to join in when other men talked about women in a sexual way.
Para. 5 ①Sexism was described as widespread, and baked in from a young age. ②The belief that society placed a higher premium on masculinity than femininity was reflected in views of how to raise children: Respondents more often approved of teaching girls that it was acceptable to be like boys than the other way around.
Para. 6 ①A large majority of women thought parents should break gender norms when raising either girls or boys, but men’s opinions changed depending on the sex of the child. ②Seventy-two percent thought parents should break gender norms for girls, and 56 percent for boys. ③Two-thirds of Republicans thought parents of girls should break gender norms, but less than half thought parents of boys should.
Para. 7 In questions about life outside the workplace, most respondents said men and women were different in how they expressed their feelings and in their physical abilities, hobbies and parenting styles, according to the survey, which was nationally representative.
Para. 8 ①In terms of gender differences in parenting styles and approaches, 60 percent of women said they were societal, while a similar share of men said they were biological. ②This was the gender difference that the largest share of respondents—just over half—thought was a good thing.
Para. 9 Being a woman, according to respondents, meant pressure to be physically attractive and to be an involved parent.
Para. 10 ①Being a man meant facing pressure to support a family financially and to be professionally successful, emotionally strong and interested in sports. ②To a lesser extent, it also meant being willing to throw a punch if provoked. ③Nearly haft of men，and more than half of millennial men, said it also meant facing pressure to have many sexual partners and to join in when other men talked about women in sexual ways.
Para. 11 Despite the deep-seated beliefs about gender differences, there were some signs in the survey responses that attitudes about gender roles were becoming less rigid, particularly among women and Democrats, who were more likely to say that society should be more accepting of nontraditional gender roles.
正确答案：
第一段 ①男人坚毅刚强，女人善解人意。②男人负责挣钱养家，女人负责养育子女。③男人在被挑衅时应该还击，女人应该拥有迷人的身材。
第二段 ①皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)周二发布的一项最新调查显示，关于性别差异的刻板印象依旧根深蒂固。②即使在一个跨性别者享有权利、竞选公职的女性以及全职奶爸人数激增的时代，大多数美国人仍然认为两性在本质上存在差别，并且男性气质比女性气质更为重要。
第三段 在职场中，大多数人认为就两性擅长的工作而言，男女相同之处居多，不同之处较少。63%的受访者表示，两性擅长同样的工作，而37%的人认为男女性擅长不同的事情。
第四段 ①调查结果也揭示了性骚扰和性别歧视的一些根本原因。②近一半的男性以及57%年龄在18至36周岁的男性表示，当其他男性谈论关于女性的性话题时，他们感到不得不加入讨论的压力。
第五段 ①性别歧视普遍存在，并且自幼形成。②社会更看重男子气概这一点也反映在受访者养育孩子的观点中。他们更赞成告诉女孩子她们可以像男孩一样，但反过来就不那么赞成了。
第六段 ①绝大多数女性认为，父母在养育孩子时应打破性别规范，但男性的看法会因为孩子的性别而改变。②72%的人认为父母应该为女孩打破性别规范，而只有56%的人认为对男孩子也应如此。③三分之二的共和党人认为女孩的父母应该打破性别规范，但只有不到一半的人认为男孩的父母也应如此。
第七段 这项具有全国代表性的调查显示，在回答有关工作之外的生活问题时，大多数受访者表示，两性在情感表达、体能、爱好和育儿方式等方面存在差异。
第八段 ①在育儿方式方法上的性别差异，60%的女性认为是社会因素导致的，而几乎同等比例的男性认为其原因是生理因素。②认为育儿上存在性别差异是件好事的受访者比例最高，刚好过五成。
第九段 据受访者称，作为一个女人，面对着拥有诱人身材以及全身心投入家庭生活的压力。
第十段 ①而作为一个男人，意味着要面对养家糊口、事业成功、不得在情感上脆弱、要对运动感兴趣等压力。②退一步来说，这也意味着如果男人受到挑衅，就得还击。③近一半的男性以及超过一半的千禧一代男性表示，这也意味着他们面临着双重压力：要拥有很多性伴侣、要参与性话题讨论女性。
第十一段 尽管人们对性别差异有着根深蒂固的看法，但在调查过程中也有迹象表明，人们对性别角色的态度越来越宽容，尤其是女性和民主党人，他们更倾向于认为社会应该更多地接受非传统的性别角色。
[解析] 1．第一段①句in touch with为固定搭配，意思是to understand feelings or a situation very well“能够很好地理解情感或情况”，故in touch with their feelings可译作“善解人意”。
2．第一段②句Men are providers; women are nurturers中providers与nurturers均为名词，直译为“供养者”和“养育者”。在翻译时可将名词性转换成动同，译为“男人负责挣钱养家，女人负责养育子女”。
3．第四段①句shed fight on为固定搭配，意思是“为……提供解释，使……更易理解”。此处可译为“揭示”。
4．第四段②句中felt pressure to join in意为“对加入其中感到有压力”，但这样翻译存在歧义：到底是不想加入而感到压力，还是想加入却遇阻碍?从第四段的原文也较难看出来。这时可以联系下文第十段说到男人面临要做各种事的压力，其中就有to join in when other men talked about women in sexual ways，结合第十段的语境，可以看出to join in是不得不做的事，因此第四段的felt pressure to join in可以译为“感到不得不加入的压力”。
5．第五段①句bake in为固定搭配，意思是to make a fixed feature of something“使某物根深蒂固”，结合文章内容，此处指的是性别歧视很早便已根植在人们心中，故baked in from a young age可译作“自幼形成”。
6．第八段②句just over half为插入成分，在翻译时可进行拆分翻译，将其放至句末即可。
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following passage into English.
1. 第一段 ①苏州位于长江下游的太湖之滨，是个土地肥沃，风光秀丽的地方，属亚热带季风气候，四季分明。气候温和。②苏州既是一个河网密布的城市，又是一个优美的园林城市，因此具有“东方威尼斯”之称。③苏州建城始于公元前514年，宋代时期这里已经成为全国最富裕的“鱼米之乡”，就有了“天上天堂，地下苏杭”“苏湖熟，天下足”的说法。
第二段 ④苏州是吴文化的繁荣之地，历代都养育了许多科举及第的文人和达官贵人。⑤他们衣锦还乡或失意归隐到故里后，纷纷筹集巨资建造园林，借以抒发其晚年的文人情怀。⑥此外，苏州的山灵水秀、温雅的民风和安定的社会也促进了大量园林的建设和发展。⑦公元14—20世纪明清时期是园林建设的鼎盛时期，这里的私家园林一度有200余处，其中有十几座园林依然保持完好，包括网狮园、狮子林、拙政园、留园等四大名园。
正确答案：
①Suzhou is located beside Taihu Lake, and it is a fertile and scenic land with a subtropical monsoon climate, moderate with four distinct seasons. ②Suzhou is a beautiful city of gardens threaded by rivers and canals. Hence it is called the “Venice of the Orient”. ③Established in 514 BC, Suzhou had become the most abundant “land of grain and meat” of ancient China since Song Dynasty, and thus popularized the sayings that “Up above there is Paradise, down here there is Hangzhou and Suzhou” and that “Bumper harvests in Suzhou and Huzhou are enough for the whole nation”.
④Suzhou is the site of the prosperous Wu culture, and it has bred up many advanced scholars—who passed triennial court exams—and high officials in all dynasties. ⑤When these people returned to their birthplace as they retired after ambition fulfillment or because they felt disappointed and wanted to live in seclusion, they would spend a great amount of money on gardens, through which they could express literary feelings in senior years. ⑥The beautiful scenery, gentle customs, and peaceful life here also helped promote the construction and advance of many gardens in Suzhou. ⑦The Ming and Qing dynasties—between the 14th and 20th century—were the prime periods of garden building, when at one time there were more than 200 private family gardens in Suzhou. A dozen of them are still in good condition today, including the top four classic gardens—the Fisherman’s Net Garden, Lion Grove, Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering Garden.
[解析] 1．①句“四季分明，气候温和”译为four distinct seasons and moderate climate，但由于前面已有a subtropical monsoon climate，故可将
