泽熙美文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Para. 1 Stan Lee, born Stanley Lieber, a comic-book writer died on November 12th, 2018, aged 95.
Para. 2 ①Perhaps he wasn’t born with superhero powers, like the X-Men—or the god Thor, for that matter. ②Perhaps he didn’t acquire them from a radioactive-spider bite (Spider-Man) or from studying the mystic arts (Doctor Strange). ③All the same, Stan Lee certainly had them! ④In his autobiography, graphic of course, they dazzled like sun-rays round his head. ⑤Waves of energy shook from his shoulders. ⑥For he was the man who had thought up those characters. ⑦He had brought Marvel Comics back from the dead, and with it the whole industry of comics, so that far from being something cheap and childish, which your parents didn’t want you to read, they became grown-up too! ⑧And wildly popular! ⑨And took over Hollywood, and with it the whole of American pop culture, earning revenues in the billions and billions of dollars!
Para. 3 ①So you would never have suspected anything of Stanley Leiber as he was growing up poor in Manhattan, with his father out of work, living on hot dogs and wandering the streets alone in summer while his friends were away at the camps his parents couldn’t afford. ②But he could feel that inner strength stirring! ③It came from words. ④He read and read and read. ⑤Adventure tales, Mark Twain, Jules Verne, Zola, Dickens, Shakespeare. ⑥He loved the sound of words, the music of vowels and consonants jostling each other. ⑦Inside him, he really believed, lay the Great American Novel!
Para. 4 ①Yet he stumbled into comic-book writing instead, at Timely Comics, Marvel as it became. ②And wallowed in embarrassment! ③People scorned him for his silly trade. ④On the literary totem pole in New York Stanley Lieber was the lowest of the low. ⑤Yet they did not know—even he did not know!—that as soon as he had signed himself “Start Lee” on his first bit of text-filler in 1941, hiding himself as he thought, he was putting on his superhero clothes! ⑥Once the bright beams of his new ideas had dazzled his boss at Marvel, nothing stopped him! ⑦Pulse-pounding characters flowed from him all the time. ⑧He could write five books a week. ⑨Sales of Marvel’s titles rose from 18.7m in 1961 to 32m in 1965 until DC Comics, and Superman and Barman, were stunned and reeling! ⑩Stan Lee’s legions of fans and true believers were exhorted to march onwards, shouting his watchword “Excelsior! ”
Para. 5 ①Commercial worries often held back his ideas. ②He was careless with money, and Marvel gave him no royalties. ③Even so, he spent too much of his last years in lawsuits over percentages from TV and films. ④He wasn’t poor, of course! ⑤Just wanted his powers to be recognized.
Para. 6 ①No wonder he loved to take cameo parts in the hugely grossing films that featured his creations! ②While they fought to the death in the vicinity he played a FedEx delivery man, or a security guard, or a man watering his lawn, or a passenger reading “The Doors of Perception” on a city bus. ③He was the most ordinary person you could imagine! ④And yet, through his ideas, superheroically immortal.
正确答案：
第一段 斯坦·李(Stan Lee)，原名斯坦利·利伯(Stanley Lieber)，漫画家，于2018年11月12日逝世，享年95岁。
第二段 ①也许他并不像X战警(X-Men)或雷神(god Thor)那样天生拥有超能力。②他不像蜘蛛侠(Spider-Man)被辐射蜘蛛咬了一口，也不像奇异博士(Doctor Strange)通过研习神秘魔法而获得神力。③但是斯坦·李确实拥有超能力，④在他的漫画体自传中，如阳光般的超凡力量在他头顶闪耀，⑤一阵阵能量波从他的肩膀射出。⑥正是他创造出这些超级英雄。⑦他让漫威漫画(Marvel Comics)起死回生，整个漫画行业也因此重新兴起。漫画不再是父母禁止阅读的廉价、幼稚的读物。相反，漫画逐渐崛起，⑧广受欢迎。⑨根据漫画改编的好莱坞电影不胜枚举，赚取了数十亿美金!漫威漫画影响了整个美国的流行文化。
第三段 ①所以你绝对想不到，斯坦利·利伯是在曼哈顿一个贫困家庭长大。父亲失业，他只吃得起热狗。夏天当朋友们都去参加夏令营时，他独自一人在街上游荡，因为他父母负担不起费用。②但他能感受到一股力量在心中激荡!③这力量来自文字。④他手不释卷，⑤读冒险故事、读马克·吐温(Mark Twain)、儒勒·凡尔纳(Jules Verne)、左拉(Zola)、狄更斯(Dickens)和莎士比亚(Shakespeare)的作品。⑥他迷恋单词的发音，热爱元辅音相互交织碰撞形成的美妙音乐。⑦他坚信，他能创作出伟大的美国小说。
第四段 ①然而，他却阴差阳错地进入时代漫画(Timely Comics，后更名为漫威漫画)进行漫画创作。②他一路跌跌撞撞，③受尽鄙视。④在纽约文学界，斯坦利·利伯的地位微乎其微。⑤然而，人们没有料到，甚至他自己也没有意识到，1941年，当他第一次为漫画填写文本，并署上“斯坦·李”这个名字时，他以为他在隐藏身份，实际上他恰恰穿上了超人的外衣!⑥一旦他的奇思妙想得到漫威老板的赏识，就没有什么能阻止他了!⑦他笔下诞生的超级英雄故事总是让人热血沸腾。⑧他一周能写五本漫画。⑨漫威漫画的销量从1961年的1,870万部上升到1965年的3,200万部，这让创造超人(Superman)和蝙蝠侠(Batman)的DC漫画惊得目瞪口呆!⑩斯坦·李的大批粉丝和推崇者被激励着向前迈进，高呼他的口号“为了更高的荣誉，奋勇攀登前行!”(Excelsior!)。
第五段 ①对商业环境的担忧常常限制了他的想法。②他花钱大手大脚，而漫威并没有给他版税。③即便如此，斯坦利·利伯在生命的最后几年里，还是花了很多时间在诉讼上，要求公司支付他一定比例的影视收入。④他当然不穷，⑤他只是想让他的能力得到承认。
第六段 ①难怪斯坦利·利伯喜欢在以他创作的角色为特色的卖座电影中客串!②当英雄与反派在决一死战时，他在一旁扮演联邦快递员，或保安，或给草坪浇水的人，或是在巴士上阅读《知觉之门》(“The Doors of Perception”)的乘客。③他是最平凡不过的普通人，④但他的思想却如超人般不朽。
[解析] 1．第二段①句for that matter为固定搭配，其作用是used to add a comment on something that you have just said“用来对你刚刚说过的话加评论”。在原文语境中，指的是“在superhero powers这方面”，在这里可以不译。
2．第二段④句In his autobiography, graphic of course若直译为“在他的自传中，当然自传也是漫画”显得冗余。在翻译时可将原文意思进行整合，译为“漫画体自传”，使译文更为流畅。
3．第二段⑦句back from the dead为固定搭配，意思是to reappear or regain popularity after a period of decline. “在一段时间的衰退后重新出现或重新受欢迎。”结合本文语境，此处可译作“起死回生”。
4．第四段①句stumble into为固定搭配，意思是to become involved in something by chance“偶然卷入某事”。此处可译作“阴差阳错地进入”。
5．第四段④句On the literary totem pole in New York Stanley Lieber was the lowest of the low直译为“在纽约的文学图腾柱上，斯坦利·利伯是最最底层的。”图腾柱是古代人用来雕刻和绘画代表家世血统的标志形象的杆或柱子，文中“纽约的文学图腾柱”采用比喻的说法，可以理解为纽约的文学界。在翻译时可对原文意思进行解释说明，译为“在纽约文学界，斯坦利·利伯的地位微乎其微。”使译文更加流畅自然。
6．第五段②句royalty为多义词，可指“皇室”“版税”“王权”等。根据本文语境，该段提及斯坦利·利伯商业收入。因此，此处应取第二义项，译为“版税”。
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following passage into English.
1. 第一段 ①中国坚持以生存权和发展权作为首要的基本人权，把发展作为执政兴国的第一要务和解决中国所有问题的关键，以保障和改善民生为重点，努力通过解决最紧迫和最突出的问题增进人民福祉。
第二段 ②改革开放初期，解决近10亿人口温饱问题是中国面临的头等大事。③中国以不足世界10%的耕地，养活了接近世界20%的人口，从根本上消除了饥饿，持续提升了人民的营养水平，实现了人民的基本生存权。
第三段 ④消除贫困是中国人权保障的重中之重。⑤改革开放是中国消除贫困的强大驱动力。⑥40年来，中国政府持续开展以农村扶贫开发为中心的减贫行动，在全国范围内开展有组织有计划的大规模开发式扶贫。⑦经过多年不懈奋斗，中国农村贫困人口显著减少，贫困发生率持续下降，且贫困地区农民生产生活条件显著改善，贫困群众获得感显著增强，脱贫攻坚取得决定性进展。⑧中国的减贫成就是中国人权事业发展的最显著标志。
正确答案：
①China has worked to better protect basic human rights, with its primary focus on the rights to subsistence and development. Development is China’s top priority in governance and considered to be the key to addressing the country’s main problems. China has focused on ensuring and improving people’s wellbeing by resolving their most serious and urgent problems.
②In the early days of reform and opening up, providing enough food and clothing for nearly one billion people was the top issue facing China. ③China feeds approximately 20 percent of the world’s population using less than 10 percent of the world’s arable land, guaranteeing the basic right to subsistence by eradicating hunger and improving nutrition.
④Poverty elimination is the top priority in China’s effort to protect human rights. ⑤Reform and opening up has been a great driving force for poverty elimination in China. ⑥Over the past four decades, the Chinese government has made continuous endeavors in poverty reduction, concentrating on development-oriented poverty alleviation in rural areas. The government has carried out large-scale development-oriented poverty-alleviation campaigns across the country in a planned and organized way. ⑦Through decades of efforts, the number of rural poor has markedly dropped and the poverty headcount ratio has seen a continuous decrease. And the working conditions and living standards of the rural poor have notably
