泽熙美文英译汉
1.Hawking: Man Must Leave Planet Earth
Mankind wilt need to venture far beyond planet Earth to ensure the long-term survival of our species, according to the world’s best known scientist, Professor Stephen Hawking.
He was speaking ahead of the presentation of Britain’s highest scientific award, the Royal Society’s Copley Medal, previously granted to Charles Darwin, Michael Faraday, and Albert Einstein.
He told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme that scientists still have “some way to go” to reach his prediction in his bestselling A Brief History of Time that mankind would one day “know the mind of God” by understanding the complete set of laws which govern the universe.
This set of laws, which will probably rely on theory that requires more than three dimensions of space and one of time, could be uncovered within 20 years, mainly because next year the giant LHC atom smasher will go into operation in the nuclear physics laboratory in Geneva to provide new information for that quest by simulating conditions not seen since the birth of the universe as well making antimatter in a special factory.
Prof Hawking said that this knowledge may be vital to the human race’s continued existence.
“The long-term survival of the human race is at risk as long as it is confined to a single planet,” he said. “Sooner or later, disasters such as an asteroid collision or nuclear war could wipe us all out. But once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe. “There isn’t anywhere like the Earth in the solar system, so we would have to go to another star.”
正确答案：
霍金：人类必须离开地球
世界上最著名的科学家斯蒂芬·霍金教授说，为确保能够长期延续下去，人类很有必要远离地球去探险。
霍金是在英国皇家学会授予他英国科学界最高奖项‘科普利奖章’前说这番话的。达尔文、法拉第和爱因斯坦也曾得过此荣誉。
他在英国广播公司第四台“今日”节目中说，科学家们要实现他在畅销书《时间简史》中的预言“尚需时日”。他预言，人类总有一天会认识到支配宇宙的整套规律，从而“了解上帝的想法”。
认识这套规律也许要依靠突破三维空间加一维时间的理论。这套规律可能会在20年内揭晓，主要因为明年设在日内瓦的核物理学实验室将运行大型强子对撞机，通过模拟自宇宙诞生以来从没见过的环境以及在特殊工厂制造反物质来为这一探索提供新的信息。
霍金教授说，这种信息也许正是人类继续存活下去的关键。
他说：“只要将人类限制在一个星球上，人类的长期延续就处在危险中。迟早，小行星撞击地球和核战争等威胁会将我们消灭殆尽。但是，一旦我们向太空扩展并建立自给自足的聚居地，我们的未来应该是安全的。太阳系没有一个类似于地球的地方，因此我们必须寻找另外一颗恒星。”
汉译英
1.
新的科技革命
新的科技革命，给各国人民带来了难得的发展机遇，也带来了严峻挑战。一个国家，一个民族，如果不紧紧跟上科技进步的时代潮流，不结合本国发展的实际努力提高科学技术水平，就会落后，就会陷入极为被动的境地。要迎接科学技术突飞猛进和知识经济迅速兴起的挑战，最重要的是坚持创新。创新是一个民族的灵魂，是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。创新的关键在人才，人才的成长靠教育。教育水平提高了，科技进步和经济发展才有后劲。科学技术实力和国民教育水平，始终是衡量综合国力和社会文明程度的重要标志，也是每个国家走向繁荣昌盛的两个不可缺少的飞轮。
正确答案：
The New Scientific and Technological Revolution
The new scientific and technological revolution has presented people of all countries with precious development opportunities and serious challenges. A country or nation would lag behind and land itself in an extremely passive position unless it closely keeps abreast of scientific and technological progress and upgrades its scientific and technological level in the light of its national development. To meet the challenge of rapid scientific and technological advances and the fast-rising information economy, we must create and innovate. (Only creativity and innovation can help a country to meet the challenges arising from advances in science and emergence of the knowledge economy.) Creativity is the soul of a nation and an inexhaustible source of a country’s prosperity. The key to creation and innovation lies in talented people/experts/specialists, whose development depends on education. Only a well-developed educational system can sustain scientific and technological progress and economic development. Scientific and technological strength and the educational level of a nation have always been an important yardstick for measuring the overall strength and civilization of a society. Like indispensable wheels, they propel a country to prosperity.
翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题42
英译汉
1.
Cloned Pigs—the Potential Organ Donors
Five cloned piglets, genetically modified so that their organs are much less likely to be rejected by a human donor recipient, have been born in the US.
More than 62, 000 people in the US alone are waiting to receive donated hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys and pancreases. The number of human donors falls far short of demand. Pig organs are of a similar size to human organs, and some scientists hope they might be used to help meet the shortfall. But previous attempts to transplant unaltered pig tissue into humans have failed, due to immune rejection of the tissue.
The five piglets, born on Christmas Day, lack a gene for an enzyme that adds a sugar to the surface of pig cells. The sugar would trigger a patient’s immune system into launching an immediate attack.
“This advance provides a near-time solution for overcoming the shortage of human organs for transplants, as well as insulin-producing cells to cure diabetes,” says David Ayares, vice president of research at PPL Therapeutics, US division, where the pigs were created. “This is the key gene for overcoming the early stage of rejection.”
However, scientists warn that much more work is necessary before organs from copies of the pigs could be transplanted into humans. Human genes will need to be added, to prevent rejection of the organ in the long-term. There are also concerns that pig viruses could infect organ recipients.
Cloning techniques were vital to the production of the pigs. Genes can only be knocked out in a single cell. Cloning of these single cells then allowed the creation of a whole animal in which the gene was knocked out in every cell. But the PPL researchers have succeeded in knocking out only one copy of the gene for the enzyme, called alpha 1, 3 galactosyl transferase. The team will now attempt to knock out both copies of the gene.
正确答案：
克隆猪有望成为人体器官移植供体
在美国已出生了五只转基因的克隆小猪，它们的器官在植入人体时发生排异反应的可能性大为减小。
仅在美国就有6.2万多人在等待他人捐献心脏、肺、肝脏、肾脏和胰脏。捐献器官的人数远远供不应求。猪的器官与人体器官大小差不多，一些科学家希望它们可用于补足这一短缺。但是，由于组织免疫排异反应，以前用未经改良的猪器官进行的移植尝试都失败了。
圣诞节出生的这五只小猪，缺少一种酶基因，该基因可使猪的细胞表面增加某种糖类物质。这种糖会引发病人的免疫系统立即发动攻击。
这些小猪是由PPL医疗公司美国分公司培育出来的，该公司研究部副总裁大卫·阿亚里斯说：“这项进展及时解决了人体移植器官的短缺问题，也解决了胰岛素分泌细胞的短缺问题，该细胞用以治疗糖尿病。这是克服早期排异反应的关键基因。”
但是，科学家提醒说，在克隆猪所提供的器官能顺利植入人体之前，还有大量的工作要做。为了防止长期的排异反应，还要加上人类基因。猪的病毒会感染器官接受者，也是要人们关注的。
克隆技术是培育这些猪的关键。去除基因只能在单个细胞中进行。克隆这些单细胞后再培育出一头猪，该猪身上的每个细胞中的该基因都被去除了。但是PPL公司的研究人员只是成功地去除了产生这种叫做αl,3半乳糖转移酶的基因的一个复制品。他们正试图将这个基因的两个复制品都加以去除。
汉译英
1.
转基因生物
转基因动植物是遗传工程实验的产物，在这个实验中，一个生物体的基因物质被移入另一生物体，因而受体就能显示出新的特征。商界、科学家和农民都希望转基因的技术能够培育出更多具价格优势、而且是最近的培育技术无法培育的恰遂人愿的动植物。转基因的技术能使遗传物质在两种完全不相干的生物体之间进行转移。为了启用转基因技术，基因工程师必须首先培育一个转基因。在培育转基因时，科学家通常用一个将在受体动物或植物的恰当组织中活动的启动子序列替代原有的启动子序列。总的说来，转基因技术比传统的育种方法具有更多优势。据称，转基因技术育种的目的更精确、速度更快捷、成本更低廉。目前的研究工作仅局限在与一个或数个相关的特征上。科学家们要驾轻就熟地调配动植物复杂的特性，尚需长期的研究。
正确答案：
GMO
Transgenic plants and animals result from genetic engineering experiments in which genetic material is moved from one organism to another (from organism to organism), so that the recipient organism (the latter)
