泽熙美文英译汉
1.
A New Nation
At the beginning of the 20th century, Australia was an open and democratic “new world” society. In the absence of a strongly defined aristocracy or ruling class, there was a sense that one person was as good as another1. It was commonly held that people made what they could of themselves, given their abilities.
The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 through the proclamation of the Constitution for the Federation of six states. The founders of Federation believed that they were creating something new and were concerned to avoid the pitfalls of the old world. They wanted Australia to be harmonious, united and egalitarian. They had progressive ideas about human rights, observance of democratic procedures and the value of a secret ballot.2
They drew the line on matters of race, however; one of the first acts of the new Commonwealth Parliament was to pass the Immigration Restriction Act 1901. which ensured that immigrants would be of primarily European origin. ( The “White Australia” policy was gradually dismantled after World War II until by the mid-1970s it was totally abolished. Australia now has a non-discriminatory migration policy.) Numerous diverse links with Britain existed3, which many people continued to regard as “the mother country”. Australia’s constitutional links with Britain have been progressively loosened since that time.
The great champion of Federation was Sir Henry Parkes, who believed that Australia was ready for unity because of “the vigor, the industry, the enterprise, the foresight, and the creative skill of its people4“.
World War I had a devastating impact on Australia. In 1914. the male population of Australia was less than 3 million, yet almost 400,000 of those volunteered to fight in World War I. As many as 60,000 0f those who volunteered never came back, and tens of thousands more were wounded, many very seriously. Australians have inherited strong traditions5 from the war years. None is more special or treasured in the Australian ethos than the “Anzac” tradition of courage, a tradition forged at Gallipoli in Turkey in 1915. Anzac Day, 25 April, is now a national day of commemoration of the sacrifice of Australians in all wars in which they have fought.5
The period between the two world wars was one of uncertainty and instability as large numbers of servicemen sought to reconstruct their lives. Social and economic divisions widened and became more pronounced during the hard years of the Depression in the 1930s when many Australian financial institutions failed.7
World War II was a difficult, but in some respects empowering, event in Australian history. Australian forces made a significant contribution to the Allied victory in Europe and in Asia and the Pacific. The generation that fought in World War Ⅱ and survived came out of the war with a sense of pride in Australia’s capabilities.
正确答案：
新国家的诞生
20世纪初，澳大利亚社会是一个开放民主的“新世界”。这里没有明确的贵族阶级或统治阶级，只有人人平等1的观念。人们普遍认为，澳大利亚社会崇尚人尽其才，充分实现自我。
1901年，澳大利亚通过颁布使六州结成联邦的宪法，宣告澳大利亚联邦成立。缔造者们相信，他们是在创造新生事物，因而注意避免重蹈旧世界的覆辙。他们要把澳大利亚建设成一个和睦、统一、人人平等的社会。他们有着关于人权的先进思想，遵守民主程序，推崇无记名投票方式。2
但是，在种族问题上他们却区别对待。联邦议会刚一成立，就迅速通过了《1901年移民限制法》；该法保证移民主要源自欧洲。(二战以后，逐渐取消“白澳政策”，到20世纪70年代中期才彻底废除。如今，澳大利亚奉行的是无歧视移民政策。)澳大利亚同英国保持着千丝万缕的联系3，许多人仍将英国视为“祖国”。但从那时起，澳大利亚与英国的宪法联系逐渐变得松散。
亨利·帕克斯爵士是澳大利亚联邦的伟大捍卫者。他认为，澳大利亚已经具备了统一的条件，因为“它的人民充满活力，勤劳进取，富有远见和创造力4”。
第一次世界大战给澳大利亚带来了灾难性的影响。1914年，澳大利亚男性人口不足300万，但其中近40万人自愿参战。结果，6万名志愿军人一去不回，数万人受伤，许多人伤势严重。澳大利亚人继承了战争年代的光荣传统5。在澳大利亚民族精神中，最为特殊、最受珍视的莫过于“澳新军团”英勇无畏的传统。锻造这种传统的是1915年在土耳其发生的加利波利战役。如今，4月25日被定为澳新军团节。每年这一天都要举行全国性的纪念活动，缅怀澳大利亚人在所有他们经历过的战争中所作的牺牲。6
两次世界大战之间的那段时间局势动荡不定，大批军人退役，渴望重建生活。社会和经济差距扩大。在20世纪30年代经济大萧条的艰难岁月中，许多澳大利亚金融机构倒闭，进一步加剧了社会和经济差距。7
在澳大利亚历史上，第二次世界大战是一段艰苦时期，但就某些方面而言却增强了澳大利亚的威力。澳大利亚军队对盟国在欧洲、亚洲和太平洋取得的胜利作出了重大贡献。参加过二战并活着回来的那一代澳大利亚人，由此产生了对祖国的自豪感。
[解析]
1．以“人人平等”译one person was as good as another，简洁明快，富有表现力。不定代词one常出现在主语位置，但不必总是译成“一个人”。
2. They had progressive ideas about human rights, observance of democratic procedures and the value of a secret ballot.英语句子主谓机制突出，句子中一般只有一个谓语动词，借助名词、介词和关系代词等层层搭架，形成葡萄串似的句子结构；汉语动词无形态变化，使用方便，且汉语重动态描写，因而多用动词，多流水句，形成竹节似的句子。将该句译为汉语时，可将observance和value处理成动词，形成几个短句，以符合汉语行文习惯。全句译作：他们有着关于人权的先进思想，遵守民主程序，推崇无记名投票方式。
3．Numerous diverse links with Britain existed…，将句中的numerous diverse译作汉语四字格“千丝万缕”，形象地道。另外，将这部分主句译作“澳大利亚同英国保持着千丝万缕的联系……”，不拘泥于原文结构，通过重新确定主谓关系，选取恰当的主语，使主题突出，上下文衔接紧密。
4．将英文中一串名词或形容词排列的句式the vigor，the industry，the enterprise，the foresight，and the creative skill of its people译为几个汉语四字格词组：它的人民充满活力，勤劳进取，富有远见和创造力。这种译文富有表现力，收到奇佳效果。
5．将strong traditions译为“坚强传统”，在汉语中搭配不当，应改译为“光荣传统”。译语的选择应在充分理解原文的基础上，考虑语言搭配习惯。
6. Anzac Day, 25 April, is now a national day of commemoration of the sacrifice of Australians in all wars in which they have fought.把此句中的名词commemoration译为汉语动词“缅怀”，就使后面的长定语结构容易处理了：如今，4月25日被定为澳新军团节。每年这一天都要举行全国性的纪念活动，缅怀澳大利亚人在所有他们经历过的战争中所作的牺牲。
7. Social and economic divisions widened and became more pronounced during the hard years of the Depression in the 1930s when many Australian financial institutions failed.此句结构较复杂，信息量大，可采用“拆译”的翻译技巧，按意群拆成两句：社会和经济差距扩大。在20世纪30年代经济大萧条的艰难岁月中，许多澳大利亚金融机构倒闭，进一步加剧了社会和经济差距。
汉译英
1.
海上丝绸之路
海上丝绸之路，正如陆地上的丝绸之路，起源于汉朝(公元前202年至公元220年)。众所周知，在汉朝时期，大部分未加工和加工过的蚕丝都是沿着陆地上的丝绸之路来运输的，这些丝绸主要产于中国南部和东部的沿海地区。自古以来，这些地区不仅盛产丝绸，也是欣欣向荣的造船中心，因此这些地区不但能提供出口商品，也能将商品通过海路运输出去。在汉朝，这种生产与运输的双重功能提供了发展海上贸易的物质基础。汉武帝(公元前140-87年在位)时期开辟的海上通道，抵达非洲和欧洲，是世界上第一条大洋航道和最早的海上贸易通道。这使中国能积极寻找海外市场，建立外贸关系，为海事丝绸之路奠定了基础。在唐代(公元618 -907)，中国船只从广州启航，穿过南海，驶向西方，正式开创了海上丝绸之路。这条南海航道不仅运输丝绸，还刺激了物质、文化的交流。东南亚、南亚、西非甚至欧洲的国家派遣使者，经由这条海路，到达中国，建立外交关系，购买丝绸，从事各种贸易活动。于是这条海上丝绸之路变成了促进友好关系、连接东西方的通道。
正确答案：
海上丝绸之路
Maritime Silk Road
海上丝绸之路1，正如陆地上的丝绸之路1，起源于汉朝(公元前202年至公元220年)。
V1: Like the land Silk Road1, the maritime Silk Road1 began in the Han dynasty (202 BC-220 AD).
V2: The maritime Silk Road1, like its overland counterpart1, had its origins during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD).
众所周知，在汉朝时期，大部分2未加工和加工过的蚕丝都是沿着陆地上的丝绸之路来运输的，这些丝绸主要产于中国南部和东部的沿海地区3。
V1: As is widely known, during the Han dynasty the majority of2 processed and unprocessed silk, which3 was mainly produced in the southern and eastern coastal areas of China, was transported along the land Silk Road.
V2: It is known that the bulk of2 the raw and processed silk transported along the overland Silk Road during the Han Dynasty was produced primarily along China’s southern and eastern coasts3。
自古以来，这些地区不仅盛产4丝绸，也是欣欣向荣的4造船中心，因此这
