泽熙美文英译汉
1.
Rockefeller Fund to Abandon Fossil Fuels for Renewables
The heirs to the Rockefeller oil fortune have decided to sell their investments in the coal industry and Canada’s oil sands, and review their remaining fossil fuel holdings for possible sale in one or two years.1
Stephen Heintz, president of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, suggested that John D. Rockefeller, the oilman who established the family’s fortune, would approve of the decision and would be “leading the charge” into renewable energy if he were alive today.2
However, Christophe de Margerie, chief executive of Total3, one of the world’s largest oil companies4, criticised the move, saying he had told the fund that “without energy, the Rockefeller Centre wouldn’t exist”.
The Rockefeller fund is one of hundreds of foundations, colleges and charities that have divested fossil fuel holdings over the past year in response to a grass-roots campaign modelled on the anti-apartheid campaigns that targeted investments in South Africa5.6
Campaigners say S00 funds responsible for $ 50bn of investment have pledged to sell some or all of their holdings in fossil fuels.
The effort to make oil, gas and coal investments as unpopular as tobacco has been a prominent theme in advance of today’s New York climate summit organised by UN secretary-general, Ban Ki-moon.
“Stay away from this fossil fuel-based investment. Do much more on renewable energy,” he told a meeting of business and government leaders yesterday.
Mr. Heintz acknowledged that the Rockefeller Fund’s holdings were not very large7 but said that selling them would send a “signal” about its views on the future of energy.
“The science is crystal clear” on climate change, he said. “We’ve just got to leave the bulk of the remaining fossil fuels in the ground.”
Several large energy companies have sent representatives to the New York summit, according to the UN, including China’s Sinopec, France’s Total, Norway’s Statoil and Royal Dutch Shell.
Meanwhile, the World Bank announced more than 1,000 companies and investors had expressed support for putting a price on the carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels that drive climate change.8 They include Shell, which has had an internal carbon price for some years, as well as Nokia, LG Electronics and Lego.
正确答案：
洛克菲勒基金告别化石燃料转向可再生能源
洛克菲勒(Rockefeller)石油财富的继承人已决定抛售他们在煤炭业和加拿大油砂行业的投资，并决定审议他们所持的剩余化石燃料股份，看是否可能在一两年后出售1。
洛克菲勒兄弟基金(Rockefeller Brothers Fund)总裁斯蒂芬·海因茨(Stephen Heintz)指出，假如洛克菲勒家族财富的创建人石油大亨约翰·D·洛克菲勒(John D. Rockefeller)本人还在世，他也会赞同这一决定，会“身先士卒”进军可再生能源。2
不过，全球最大的石油公司之一道达尔(Total)3的首席执行官马哲睿(Christophe de Margerie)4批评了此举，他说自己曾警告过该基金会，“假如没有能源，洛克菲勒中心将不复存在”。
在过去一年里，数百家基金会、大学和慈善机构减持了化石燃料的股份，洛克菲勒基金会便是其中之一，目的是响应反对投资南非5的草根运动，这是一场效仿反种族隔离的草根运动。6
活动人士宣称，负责500亿美元投资的800家基金已承诺出售部分或全部化石燃料股份。
在今天联合国秘书长潘基文(Ban Ki-moon)组织的纽约气候峰会开幕前夕，努力让石油、天然气和煤炭投资变得像烟草投资一样不得人心，已成为一个突出的主题。
昨天，潘基文对与会的商界和政界领导人说：“请远离基于化石燃料的投资，更多地投资于可再生能源。”
海因茨坦承，洛克菲勒基金持有的化石燃料股份并不多7，但他表示，出售这些投资是发出该基金会对未来能源看法的“信号”。
对于气候变化，他说，“科学是十分清楚的。我们只能把大部分现存的化石燃料留在地底下。”
根据联合国信息，几家大型能源公司已派代表出席此次纽约峰会，包括中国的中石化，法国的道达尔，挪威国家石油公司(Statoil)以及荷兰皇家壳牌(Royal Dutch Shell)。
同时，世界银行宣布1000多家企业和投资机构己经表示支持对燃烧化石燃料所产生的二氧化碳排放实行收费，因为燃烧化石燃料加速了气候变化。8这些企业和投资机构包括壳牌(多年来，它内部已实行碳排放收费)、诺基亚(Nokia)、LG电子(LG Electronics)和乐高(Lego)。
[解析] 1. …and review their remaining fossil fuel holdings for possible sale in one or two years.有翻译学习者将这一部分译为“……并在一两年后审议他们所持的剩余化石燃料投资，看要不要出售。”这一译文是错误的，因为句中的时间状语in one or two years与谓语review无关，而是修饰sale。正确的译文应为：……并决定审议他们所持的剩余化石燃料投资，看是否可能在一两年后出售。
2. John D. Rockefeller, the oilman who established the family’s fortune, would approve of the decision and would be “leading the charge” into renewable energy if he were alive today. 翻译此句宜采用“先从后主”的翻译方法，即先译if引导的状语从句，同时，还应把此句中的代词主语he替换为名词主语John D. Rockefeller, the oilman who established the family’s fortune，以符合汉语句子中先出现名词，再出现代词的表达特点。全句译作：假如洛克菲勒家族财富的创建人石油大亨约翰·D·洛克菲勒(John D. Rockefeller)本人还在世，他也会赞同这一决定，会“身先士卒”进军可再生能源。
3. Total(道达尔)，目前为全球第四大石油及天然气公司，业务遍及120余国家，员工总数12万多人。
4. Christophe de Margerie, chief executive of Total, one of the world’s largest oil companies，对人物的介绍，英语的表述方式为人名在前，头衔、单位名称在后，而汉语的表述方式正相反，单位名称、头衔在前，人名在后。因此，译为汉语后要作顺序调整：全球最大的石油公司之一道达尔(Total)的首席执行官马哲睿。
5.提醒翻译学习者关于South Africa(南非)的背景知识：南非以丰富的矿物资源驰名世界。
6. The Rockefeller fund is one of hundreds of foundations, colleges and charities that have divested fossil fuel holdings over the past year in response to a grass-roots campaign modelled on the anti-apartheid campaigns that targeted investments in South Africa.该句较长，结构复杂，译为汉语时需按照汉语句式较短、分散的特点进行句式重组。为帮助翻译学习者拆分、重组句式，我们把该句切分之后按顺序标出：(1) hundreds of foundations, colleges and charities that have divested fossil fuel holdings over the past year; (2) The Rockefeller fund is one of (them); (3) in response to a grass-roots campaign that targeted investments in South Africa; (4) a grass-roots campaign modelled on the anti-apartheid campaigns。全句译作：在过去一年里，数百家基金会、大学和慈善机构减持了化石燃料的股份(1)，洛克菲勒基金会便是其中之一(2)，目的是响应反对投资南非的草根运动(3)，这是一场效仿反种族隔离的草根运动(4)。
7. …the Rockefeller Fund’s holdings were not very large…，英语对语境依赖较强，靠上下文可看出的信息，往往不再十分明确地表达出来，以求简洁。相对而言，汉语对语境依赖较弱，往往每个细节信息都要很明确地表达出来。英译汉时往往要进行显化处理，即增补语境信息。此处汉语译文中增补了化石燃料这一语境信息：洛克菲勒基金持有的化石燃料股份并不多。
8. Meanwhile, the World Bank announced more than 1,000 companies and investors had expressed support for putting a price on the carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels that drive climate change. 为顺应汉语的表达逻辑，翻译此句中的定语从句时，最好将定语从句状语化，即译为原因状语。全句译作：同时，世界银行宣布1000多家企业和投资机构已经表示支持对燃烧化石燃料所产生的二氧化碳排放实行收费，因为燃烧化石燃料加速了气候变化。
汉译英
1.
外资与外贸
我们要扩大全方位主动开放。坚持积极有效利用外资，推动服务业扩大开放，打造内外资企业一视同仁、公平竞争的营商环境，使中国继续成为外商投资首选地。建设好、管理好中国上海自由贸易试验区，形成可复制可推广的体制机制，并开展若干新的试点。扩展内陆沿边开放，让广袤大地成为对外开放的热土。
从战略高度推动出口升级和贸易平衡发展。今年进出口总额预期增长7.5%左右。要稳定和完善出口政策，加快通关便利化改革，扩大跨境电子商务试点。实施鼓励进口政策，增加国内短缺产品进口。引导加工贸易转型升级，支持企业打造自主品牌和国际营销网络，发展服务贸易和服务外包，提升中国制造在国际分工中的地位。鼓励通信、铁路、电站等大型成套设备出口，让中国装备享誉全球。
在走出去中提升竞争力。推进对外投资管理方式改革，实行以备案制为主，大幅下放审批权限。要推出一批重大项目，加快基础设施与邻国互联互通，拓展国际经济技术合作新空间。
统筹多双边和区域开放合作。推动服务贸易协定、政府采购协定、信息技术协定等谈判，加快环保、电子商务等新议题谈判。坚持推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，实现与各国互利共赢，形成对外开放与改革发展良性互动新格局。
正确答案：
外资与外贸
Foreign Capital and Foreign Trade
我们要扩大全方位主动开放。
V1: We will take the initiative to open China’s doors wider in
