泽熙美文Chinese-English Translation
1. 被称为Brainology，非正统的方法使用基本的神经系统科学来教孩子们如何用脑思考并如何在一生中不断发展。信息是每件事都在孩子的控制中，他们的智力是可以锻造的。
一些专家说我们的教育体制，非常强调考试，把学生能力的不同层面严格区分开，在一些孩子中没了动力还会受责备。一些教育者说让孩子通过义务工作、运动、业余爱好和其他的业余活动多接触家庭作业和考试外的世界是很重要的。进行一个波士顿区指导的项目叫项目IF(创造未来)的美国哈佛大学教育教授迈克尔·纳库拉说：“问题的症结在于许多学生经历的教育和他们生活的目标及雄心根本无关。”IF项目致力于使低收入的后进生能触摸到他们的渴望。让孩子在学校力争上游的关键是告诉他们课堂作业是不相关的这种观念是错误的，引导他们除此之外在学校好好表现如何能实际帮助他们实现他们的梦想。向任何有雄心的刚学走路的孩子一样，他们需要明白在学会跑之前必须先学会走。
正确答案：
Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable.
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. Some educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkula, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to tell them the notion that class-work is irrelevant is not true, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that they have to learn to walk before they can run.
2. 科学与文化的其他方面关系长期紧张。想一想，17世纪的伽利略因其信念离经叛道，遭到天主教会的审判；诗人威廉·布莱克尖税地批评了艾萨克·牛顿的机械论世界观。在本世纪如说有区别的话，那就是科学与人文科学间的裂痕更深了。
前些年，科学界势力强大，对批评者可以置之不理——但现在不同了。由于科研经费减少，科学家推出几本书来抨击“反科学”的倾向。其中，值得注意的有弗吉尼亚大学生物学家保罗·R. 格罗斯与拉特格斯大学教学家诺曼·莱维特合著的《高级迷信》以及康奈尔大学的卡尔·萨根著的《鬼怪世界》。科学捍卫者还在集会上表达他们的忧虑，比如，1995年在纽约城举行的“飞越科学与理性”大会和去年6月在远见卓识法罗附近召开的“信息(迷信)时代的科学”大会。
很明显，反科学对不同的人有着不同的含义。格罗斯和莱维特针对那些质疑科学客观性的社会学家、哲学家及其他学者，主要挑他们的毛病。萨根更关注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物以及信奉其他与科学世界观相左的人。
1996年对新闻报道的调查披露反科学的标签也已贴在许多其他群体身上，从提倡消灭现在保存的全部天花病毒的官员到鼓吹削减基础研究的共和党人。
把该词用到反原子弹组织身上也不会引起多大争议。它在1995年公开发表声明藐视科学，渴望回到前技术时代的理想社会。但这当然不是说，对不加控制的工业发展表示担忧的环保主义者也是反科学的，而去年五月份刊载在《美国新闻与世界报道》的一篇文章似乎有此种暗示。
环保主义者毫无疑问要对这种批评作出反应。处于环境研究前沿的斯坦福大学的保罗·埃利希认为，科学的真正敌人是那些对工业增长使全球变暖、臭氧层日渐稀薄及其他后果的证据提出质疑的人。
的确，这些观察家担心反科学这个词语会变得毫无意义。哈佛大学的哲学家杰拉尔德·霍尔顿在他1993年发表的《科学与反科学》的著作中写道：“‘反科学’一词可以涵盖太多的截然不同的东西，它们只有一个共同点就是会激怒或威胁那些自以为比别人更高明的人。”
正确答案：
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics, but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University, and The Demon-Haunted World, by Car Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.
Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in U.S. News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘antiscience’ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”
3. 1980年人口普查表明，随着东北部和中西部人口增长近乎停止，地区间的竞争越来越激烈了。
这一发展趋势及其对今后美国在制定政策和经济方面的重大影响使得南方首次成了美国人口普查史上人口最密集的地区。
20世纪70年代，美国人口总共增加了2320万——从数字上看，这是有记录以来十年期人口增长的第三高峰。即使这样，人口总数也只增加了11.4%。除了大萧条时期，这是美国最低的年增长率。
自从第二次世界大战以来，美国人口一直大量向南方和西部地区迁移，至今，这一趋势仍然盛行。
在佛罗里达、德克萨斯和加利福尼亚这三个阳光充沛的州，1980年的人口差不多比十年前增加了将近1000万。在大城市排行榜上，圣地亚哥从第14位上升到第8位，圣安东尼奥从第15位上升到第10位，而克利夫兰和华盛顿特区却被排挤出前十名。
人口普查官员说，并不是所有这些迁移都是为了离开寒带，绵延不断的移民潮还有当年“生育高峰”时期出生的孩子已经到了生育年龄，这些因素都在起着作用。
此外，人口统计学家发现，向南部和西部的不断迁移还伴随着一种与此相关却又与以往不同的现象：越来越多的美国人显然不再只是寻找有更多就业机会的地方，他们还在寻找人口稀少的地方。请看下面的例证：
从区域上看，落基山脉附近各州的人口增长率最高——有报告说，居住在这片广袤地带的人口仅占美国总人口的5%，但自1970年开始，其增长率却上升到37.1%。
从各州情况看，内华达州和亚利桑那州是增长率最高的两个州，分别为63.5%和53.1%。除了佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州外，处于增长率前十位的是西部各州，共有750万人口——每平方英里大约9个人。
逃离人口稠密地区的做法改变了过去一味要离开寒带地区到气候暖和地方去的趋势。
1980年人口普查的统计数字最充分地描绘出美国人迁往最西部是为了找到更广阔的生存空间。这样一来，70年代加利福尼亚州人口增长最快，增加了370万。
70年代也有大批的人离开加利福尼亚州，但是，多数人的目的地是西部的其他地方。他们当时——现在也是如此——要去的地方是气候比较寒冷的俄勒冈、爱达荷和阿拉斯加等地，为的是躲开这个被称为黄金州的烟雾、犯罪以及其他都市化带来的灾难。
结果，70年代加利福尼亚州的人口增长率降到了18.5%。这个数字比60年代增长率的三分之二略高，但明显低于其他西部各州。
正确答案：
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development—and its strong implications for U.S. politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the
