泽熙美文English Chinese Translation
In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. 1 It overran a whole continent. It caused deva station by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. 2 Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. 3 It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.
4 Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate. 5 It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.
1.
正确答案：
欧洲兔子遍布整个澳洲。它们挖地洞，吃掉了本可用来饲养成百万头牛羊的牧草，造成了毁灭性的灾难。
2.
正确答案：
后来发现有一种蚊子是这种传染病的携带者，它能使兔子染上这种疾病。就这样，当世界其他地区在想方设法消灭蚊子时，澳大利亚却在助长这种蚊子的滋生繁殖。
3.
正确答案：
这种蚊子使疾病迅速蔓延到整个澳洲，造成兔子数量的剧减。后来，兔子显然对这种疾病产生了一定的免疫力，因此不太可能遭到完全灭绝。
4.
正确答案：
具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把兔子作为有害动物给了澳洲，却从澳洲染上了这种最终造成瘟疫的人为疾病。
5.
正确答案：
疾病蔓延到整个法国，而在法国一般并不把野兔看成是有害动物，而是把它作为猎物和有用的食物来源。疾病然后又传到英国，在那里，野兔虽然被看成是有害动物，但同样会受到这种疾病感染的家兔却为有利可图的皮毛业提供原料。
6 With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter and widely varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.
The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of University dons, literary economist, scientists or even poets. 7 Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle or Australian bush, ancient China or gaslit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. 8 The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of “significant” novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a rarely superhuman detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.
Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. 9 The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gasfilled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestle. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. 10 Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.
6.
正确答案：
描写犯罪的小说的共同特点是它们都对犯罪感兴趣，但题材范围广泛，体裁变化多种多样，所以堪称文学的一个独立分支，或者至少要被视为是传统小说中的一个尽管名声有点不好但却别具一格的支脉。
7.
正确答案：
在上流社会中，人命案件出现可能要比料想的更频繁、更神秘；但是，这些事件的案发地点——村庄、海滨胜地、学院或工作室，却是我们所熟悉的：即使不是我们亲身经历，至少也是报上登载或出现在朋友们的生活之中的。
8.
正确答案：
精心安排、结构严密的情节，尽管受到现代唯理智论的批评家和“有重大意义的”小说的创作者们的鄙视，但却在描写谋杀案件的侦探小说中找到了庇护所，这种小说有一些关键的情节，以看来显然不可能的事情来增添趣味，故事结束时又全部有妥善的解决办法与说明。
9.
正确答案：
连续不断的拳击战、手枪决斗、撞车和逃出装满汽油的地窖，要比至少有两根肋骨被打折、一只眼睛被打肿、遍体鳞伤并宿醉未醒，却仍然能够以摔跤运动员一样的体格追击并制服武装歹徒的英雄人物更能使读者精疲力竭。
10.
正确答案：
也许在惊险小说中，我们领略不到那沉着冷静的调查员几经周折和失败最终安全地引领我们找出嫌疑犯的安全感。此时，使我们感到迷惑的一切都无可争议地得以澄清，正义和善良取得绝对胜利。
In man’s early days, competition with other creatures must have been critical. But this phase of our development is now finished. Indeed, we lack practice and experience nowadays in dealing with primitive conditions. 11 I am sure that, without modern weapons, I would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear, and in this I do not think that I stand alone. The last creature to compete with man was the mosquito. But even the mosquito has been subdued by attention to drainage and by chemical sprays.
12 Competition between ourselves, person against person, community against community, still persists, however; and it is as fierce as it ever was.
But the competition of man against man is not the simple process envisioned in biology. 13 It is not a simple competition for a fixed amount of food determined by the physical environment, because the environment that determines our evolution is no longer essentially physical. Our environment is chiefly conditioned by the things we believe. Morocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes, both on the west coasts of
