泽熙美文Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were found. Scientists believe that it was caused by a previously unknown virus—now named COVID-19.
Coronaviruses have the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called “corona” and that’s how these viruses got their name. There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal of symptoms.
It’s known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. But the animals which transmit COVID-19 are not known yet. And the exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined.
From what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there’s been pneumonia, kidney failure and death. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive care. There is currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.
Nevertheless, we are committed to combatting the COVID-19 epidemic. It’s certainly troubling that so many people and countries have been affected, so quickly. Now that the virus has a foothold in so many countries, the threat of a pandemic has become very real. But it would be the first pandemic in history that could be controlled. The bottom line is: we are not at the mercy of this virus.
The great advantage we have is that the decisions we all make—as governments, businesses, communities, families and individuals—can influence the trajectory of the epidemic. We need to remember that with decisive, early action, we can slow down the virus and prevent infectious. Among those who are infected, most will recover.
It’s also important to remember that looking only at the total number of reported cases and the total number of countries doesn’t tell the full story. This is an uneven epidemic at the global level. Different countries are in different scenarios, requiring a tailored response. It’s not about containment or mitigation. It’s about both.
All countries must take a comprehensive blended strategy for controlling their epidemics and pushing this deadly virus back. Countries that continue finding and testing cases and tracing their contacts not only protect their own people, they can also affect what happens in other countries and globally. The WHO has consolidated its guidance for countries in four categories: those with no case; those with sporadic cases; those with clusters; and those with community transmission. For all countries, the aim is the same: stop transmission and prevent the spread of the virus.
For the first three categories, countries must focus on finding, testing, treating and isolating individual cases and following their contacts. In areas with community spread, testing every suspected case and tracing their contacts become more challenging. Action must be taken to prevent transmission at the community level to reduce the epidemic to manageable clusters.
正确答案：
①2019年12月，出现了一批聚集性肺炎病例。②科学家认为肺炎由一种全新的病毒引起，现取名为“新型冠状病毒”。
③冠状病毒的外形像一个皇冠。④而crown(皇冠)的拉丁语为corona，冠状病毒的英语名称coronavirus也由此而来。⑤会引起呼吸道症状的冠状病毒有不同种类，这些病毒有时还会引起肠胃症状。
⑥众所周知，冠状病毒在各种动物之间传播。⑦但传播新型冠状病毒的动物还未找到。⑧对于其具体的传播过程，也尚未有定论。
⑨根据目前已知的情况来看，新冠肺炎的症状可从轻微到严重。⑩患者会出现发烧和一些呼吸道症状，比如咳嗽、呼吸短促等。更严重的病例则会出现肺炎、肾衰竭甚至死亡。目前没有针对该病毒的特效药，采用的均是支持性治疗。疫苗也尚未就位。治疗方法和疫苗还在研究中。
①尽管如此，我们正全力以赴抗击新冠肺炎疫情。②疫情传播速度如此之快，所影响的国家和人民如此之多，无疑带来了许多麻烦。③鉴于新冠病毒已经侵入很多国家。造成影响，疾病大流行的威胁已是十分明显。④但或许这将是历史上第一个可控制的大流行病。⑤我们的底线是，不能任其摆布。
⑥我们的一个明显优势是，政府、企业、社区、家庭和个人所做的决定都能影响疫情的发展轨迹。⑦我们要记住，只要尽早采取行动，坚定决心，就可以降低病毒的传播速度，同时预防感染。⑧大部分确诊的病人也都可以康复。
⑨很重要的一点是，我们要意识到，仅从报告病例和受影响国家的总数无法看到疫情的全貌。⑩疫情在全球的分布是不均匀的。不同国家情况不同，需要对症下药。只控制不缓解、只缓解不控制，都是不行的。两个方面要一起抓。
①各个国家必须采取全面、综合的战略控制疫情，遏制这种致命病毒的传播。②查找、检测病例，同时追踪接触者不仅可以保护自己国家的人民，还会对其他国家乃至全球的疫情产生积极影响。国家乃至全球的疫情产生积极影响。③世界卫生组织已在以下四个类型的国家加强引导：没有病例的国家、只有少数病例的国家、存在聚集性病例的国家和存在社区性传播病例的国家。④无论是哪一类国家，我们的目标是一致的，那就是遏制病毒的传播，防止疫情扩散。
⑤前三类国家要把重心放在查找、检测、治疗和隔离个体病例上，同时做好接触者追踪工作。⑥对于存在社区性传播的地区，检测每个疑似病例、同时开展接触者追踪无疑是更大的挑战。⑦必须采取行动阻止社区传播，把社区疫情缓解到在可控制的范围内。
Para. 1 ①In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were found. ②【难句】Scientists believe that it was caused by a previously unknown virus—now named COVID-19.
Para. 2 ③Coronaviruses have the appearance of a crown. ④Crown in Latin is called “corona” and that’s how these viruses got their name. ⑤There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal of symptoms.
Para. 3 ⑥It’s known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. ⑦But the animals which transmit COVID-19 are not known yet. ⑧And the exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined.
Para. 4 ⑨From what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. ⑩There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there’s been pneumonia, kidney failure and death. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive care. There is currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.
难句理解
分析：本句为复合句，主句后面跟一个mat引导的宾语从句，说明科学家确信什么。宾语从句用了被动语态，谓语之后的补语说明肺炎是由什么病毒引起的，后面破折号为过去分词作定语，说明病毒现在的命名。
采分点分析
采分点一：基本素质
1．①③句出现医学领域的词，pneumonia是肺炎，coronavirus是冠状病毒，译法都比较固定。
2．①⑦句COVID-19即2019年发生的“新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情”，也可以指引起该肺炎的“新型冠状病毒”。
采分点二：选词用词
1．②句previously unknown直译为“先前未知的”，也可反向译为“全新的”，表达更简洁。
2．⑧句dynamics指“动态；动力学”，这里用于指病毒的传播，因此可译为“传播过程”。
3．句in development意为“处于发展阶段”，这里指新冠肺炎的治疗方法和疫苗的情况，因此可译为“还在研发中”。
采分点三：理解结构
1．①句a cluster of pneumonia cases were found用的是被动语态，这是英语的行文特点之一，中文多用主动语态，因此这里可化被动为主动，处理为“出现了一批聚集性肺炎病例”。
2．句均用了There is no这个句型，若两句都直译为“目前还没有……”，则显得重复累赘，因此可将句变换为“疫苗也尚未就位”，增强译文的可读性。
Para. 5 ①Nevertheless, we are committed to combatting the COVID-19 epidemic. ②It’s certainly troubling that so many people and countries have been affected, so quickly. ③Now that the virus has a foothold in so many countries, the threat of a pandemic has become very real. ④But it would be the first pandemic in history that could be controlled. ⑤The bottom line is: we are not at the mercy of this virus.
Para. 6 ⑥【难句】The great advantage we have is that the decisions we all make—as governments, businesses, communities, families and individuals—can influence the trajectory of the epidemic. ⑦We need to remember that with decisive, early action, we can slow down the virus and prevent infections. ⑧Among those who are infected, most will recover.
Para. 7 ⑨It’s also important to remember that looking only at the total number of reported cases and the total number of countries
