泽熙美文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study.
Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year. These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics.
The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet.
Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.
The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change.
Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of man-made pollution.
“We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary” to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said.
Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals—polyfluorinated alkylated substances, or PFAS.
Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.
Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that man-made pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world. And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown.
“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.
There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants.
Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves—like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for—to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”
The samples were gathered during a three-month Greenpeace expedition to the Antarctic from January to March 2018. The Guardian joined the trip for two weeks in February.
A decision on the sanctuary proposal, which is being put forward by the EU and supported by environmental campaign groups around the world, will be taken at the forthcoming meeting of the Antarctic Ocean Commission in Tasmania in October.
正确答案：
①南极是地球上最后的天然净土之一，但一项最新的调查发现，南极大陆上也有塑料和有毒化学物质。
②今年年初，研究人员花了三个月的时间从南极大陆的偏远区域采集水样和雪样。③通过对样品进行分析，研究者已确认大部分样品都含有“持久性有毒化学物质”或塑料微粒。
④这一发现正值人们对塑料污染危机日益担忧之际，科学家发出警告称，该危机可能会对地球造成“永久性污染”。
⑤本周早些时候，联合国表示，这是目前人类面临的最严重的环境危机之一，尽管已有60个国家迅速采取措施应对，但我们仍需继续努力。
①国际绿色保护组织研究人员发布的这份新报告是“保护南极”全球运动的一部分，该运动将在南极大陆周围的海域建立世界上最大的海洋保护区，以保护脆弱的海洋生态系统，使其免受工业化捕捞和气侯变化的影响。
②弗里达·本特森(Frida Bengtsson)是国际绿色保护组织“保护南极”全球运动的研究人员，她说，该研究证明了即使是地球上最偏远的地区，也逃不过人为污染的影响。
③她还表示：“首先，我们需要从源头上采取措施，阻止污染物最终向南极大陆聚集，同时要建立南极海洋保护区，让企鹅、鲸鱼，乃至整个生态系统有足够的条件，从巨大的生态压力中恢复过来。”
④从海面提取的8个水样中7个检测到含有塑料微粒，如微纤维。⑤9个受测雪样中7个含有全氟烷基类物质浓缩物，而全氟烷基类物质是可被检测到的、持久有毒的化学物质。
⑥研究者称，这些化学物质广泛用于工业流程和消费品生产中，并且与野生动物的繁殖和发育问题密切相关。⑦他们还说，收集的雪样包括刚落下不久的雪，这表明这些有毒化学物质来自受污染的雨水或降雪。
①牛津大学马丁学陆军海洋可持续发展专家亚历克斯·罗杰斯(Alex Rogers)教授表示，在南极大陆发现塑料和化学污染物，说明现今人为造成的污染物已影响到世界各个角落的生态系统。②他还发出警告称，污染已普遍存在，而我们对此可能产生的后果还知之甚少。
③罗杰斯教授还说：“目前最大的问题是，在南极发现的这些污染物会给我们带来什么样的后果。④其中大部分都是剧毒化学物质，一旦它们朝食物链顶端上移，将对野生动物的健康产生严重的影响。最终危害人类。⑤同样，塑料微粒对海洋生物的危害也有待进一步研究。”
⑥受微型塑料污染的南极水域范围有多大?目前这方面的数据还相对较少，研究者们表示，希望此次研究能让人们进一步了解全球塑料和化学污染物的扩散程度。
⑦本特森说：“目前，在海洋的各个角落都发现了塑料。从南极到北极，甚至在海洋的最深处——马里亚纳海沟也有塑料的踪迹。⑧我们必须迅速采取措施，减少塑料流入海洋，同时建立大型海洋保护区，正如160万人正在呼吁的那样，建立一个大型的南极海洋保护区，以保护海洋生物和生态，造福子孙后代。”
⑨从2018年1月至3月，国际绿色保护组织在南极大陆考察、采集样本，耗时三个月。⑩《卫报》媒体团队也于2月加入了该组织，进行为期两周的跟踪报道。
建立海洋保护区的建议由欧盟最先提出，得到世界各地环境保护组织的大力支持，该提议将于今年十月在塔斯马尼亚举行的南冰洋委员会会议上正式呈交。
[解析] Para.1 ①Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study.
Para.2 ②Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year. ③These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics.
Para.3 ④【难句】The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet.
Para.4 ⑤Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.
难句理解
本句为复合句，主干部分是The findings come amid growing concern。由which引导的定语从句修饰the plastic pollution crisis，注意该从句的谓语是risks，而scientists have warned应理解成插入语，说明从句信息的来源。
采分点分析
采分点一：基本素质
·①句出现的Antarctic和⑤句的UN均为常见的专有名词且已有广泛接受的译法，分别是“南极”和“联合国”。
采分点二：选词用词
1．①句wildernesses的意思是“荒原、荒野”，表示“几乎未受人类活动影响的地方”，这里直接译为“荒原”不太贴切，因此可变换措辞，将其译为“净土”。
2．②句taking的意义很宽泛，在不同语境可有不同译法，这里根据上下文可知，taking的对象是水样和雪样，因此可译为“采集”。
3．④句permanent contamination是一个名词性短语，但这里为了使语句更符合中文表达习惯，可增译动词“造成”，译为“会对地球造成‘永久性污染’”。
