泽熙美文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1. Both WHO’s constitution and the declaration assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international law. But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper. In the past 70 years, it has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948, life expectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically. New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will have profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modern medicine. Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young lives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time. And of course, we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies. In the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries. As you know, we are currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, very near the border with Uganda.
As of today, there have been 373 cases and 216 deaths since the outbreak started in August. So far, we have managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across the border, partly because we have much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any time in history. More than 32,000 people have been vaccinated, which is one of the reasons the outbreak has not spread further than it has. So far, 150 people have been treated with one of four drugs. 14 million travelers have been screened, there have been more than 190 safe and dignified burials, we have done door-to-door advocacy in almost 4,000 households and we have trained more than 500 community leaders. But this outbreak has been much more difficult to control, largely because of the security situation in eastern DRC. Armed groups operating in the area conduct regular attacks on the city of Beni, the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time there is an attack, the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.
The best long-term investment in protecting and promoting the right to health is to invest in stronger health systems. Because there is simply no other way to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals than primary health care, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention. That’s why WHO and 10 other international health agencies have agreed to work together on a Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being.
The plan has three strategic approaches: align, accelerate and account. First, we have committed to align many of our processes to increase our collective efficiency. Second, we have committed to accelerate progress by identifying areas of work in which we can truly bend the curve and make more rapid progress towards the health-related SDGs—like research and development, data and sustainable financing. And third, we have committed to keep each other accountable, both to the people we serve, and to the donors and partners who expect results from the resources they give US.
正确答案：
①世界卫生组织的章程和宣言均将健康权确立为一项人权，而非承担得起医疗费用者的特权。②随着时间的推移，健康权已经被写入各国国内法和国际法中。③但重要的是，健康权不仅仅是停留在纸面上的一个高尚理念。④在过去70年中，它已经成为提高全球健康水平的重要依据。⑤自1948年以来，人们的寿命增加了25岁，⑥孕妇及儿童死亡率大幅下降，⑦天花已被彻底消除，脊髓灰质炎(又称小儿麻痹症)也接近根除边缘，⑧我们还成功扭转了艾滋病的流行趋势。
⑨死于疟疾的人数急剧下降。⑩新疫苗的出现，使曾经令人谈虎色变的疾病也容易预防了。类似这样值得称赞的还有许多。但在我们努力与旧威胁抗争之时，新的挑战又出现了。气候变化将对人类健康产生巨大的影响，细菌对抗生素的耐药性可能使现代医学的成果付之东流，迟疑不决不注射疫苗使得几百万年轻的生命置身危险之中，非传染性疾病，如心脏病、中风、癌症、糖尿病、高血压、肺病和心理病已成为当代的主要“杀手”。当然，疾病大爆发与其他突发的健康危机也是我们一直需要面对的威胁。在过去12个月里，世界卫生组织已在50个国家处理了47起突发的健康危机事件。正如大家所知，我们目前正在应对刚果民主共和国的埃博拉病毒大爆发，爆发地点就在刚果民主共和国与乌干达交界处附近。
①埃博拉病毒爆发于八月，截至今天已发现373例，造成216人死亡。②目前我们成功防止了埃博拉病毒跨境传播，部分原因是我们用以对抗埃博拉的工具比历史上任何里斯都要好。③超过32,000人已注射疫苗，这也是疫情没有进一步蔓延的原因之一。④目前为止已有150人接受了四种药物中一种的治疗。⑤1,400万游客已被隔离，190个病逝患者得到安全体面的埋葬，我们挨家挨户到近4,000个家庭进行宣传，对500多位社区领导进行了培训。⑥但受刚果民主共和国东部安全局势的影响，疫情控制起来困难很多。⑦武装部队频繁在疫情爆发的中心贝尼市(Beni)发动袭击。⑧⑨袭击一发生就会导致疫苗注射进程中断，对疾病接触者的追踪也受到干扰，这给病毒传播创造了有利条件。
⑩对保护和促进健康权来说，最好的长期投资就是投资建设更强大的医疗卫生系统。因为要实现医疗健康覆盖全球和可持续发展目标，聚焦于促进健康和预防疾病的基础医护是最好的方式。这也是为什么世界卫生组织和其他十家国际医疗机构达成共识，要共同落实《全球健康生活和福祉行动计划》(Global Action Plan for Healthy Live sand Well-Being)。
①该计划有三个战略性方法：整合进程、加速进程和彼此负责。②首先，我们承诺要不断整合各个进程从而提高整体效率。③其次，通过找出我们能够扭转其趋势并加快实现医疗相关的可持续发展目标的领域(比如研发、数据和可持续融资等)，从而加速整个进程。④再次，我们承诺为彼此负责，不仅要对我们服务的人负责，也要为捐赠者和合作伙伴负责，因为他们也在期待着自己给出的资源能有所成果。
[解析] Para. 1 ①【难句】Both WHO’s constitution and the declaration assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. ②Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international law. ③But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper. ④In the past 70 years, it has been a platform for major improvements in global health. ⑤Since 1948, life expectancy has increased by 25 years. ⑥Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted. ⑦Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. ⑧We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Para.2 ⑨Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically. ⑩New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will have profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modem medicine. Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young fives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time. And of course, we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies. In the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries. As you know, we are currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, very near the border with Uganda.
难句理解
本句为复合句，包含两个从句。主句谓语assert后面跟了一个宾语从句，说明WHO’s constitution and the declaration的某一内容，宾语从句中又跟了一个定语从句，具体说明those所指代人群的特征。
采分点分析
采分点一：基本素质
1．①句WHO为World Health Organization的缩写，即“世界卫生组织”。
2．句the Democratic Republic of the Congo和Uganda均为非洲国家名，已有固定译法，分别为“刚果民主共和国”和“乌干达”。
采分点二：选词用词
1．①句it指代的是前面的health。afford health，如果直译为“支付得起健康”，那么不符合中文的逻辑，可稍加转化，译为“承担得起医疗费用”。
2．⑦句the brink其实为the brink of being eradicated，英语中为避免重复直接省略，翻译时应明确译出，即“接近根除边缘”。
3．句Vaccine hesitancy为名词短语，若直译为“疫苗犹豫不决”，则显得拗口、不符合中文习惯，可将其转化为动词，译为“迟疑不决不注射疫苗”或“对注射疫苗迟疑不决”。
